INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

Explore the fundamentals of sociology in this comprehensive PPT .Learn about the definition, history, research methods, and branches of sociology. A perfect starting point for students and enthusiasts!
"This PPT provides an overview of sociology, covering its definition, history, perspectives, and research methods. A valuable resource for students, teachers, and sociology enthusiasts.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY By Prince kumar Nursing tutor

2. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY/ समाज शास्त 1.Sociology is the systematic study of social events सामाजिक घटनाओ , social organizations, social behavior, and human groups 2. Auguste Comte, known as the “Father of sociology,” coined the term “sociology” in 1839. 3.The word “sociology” is derived from the Latin word “ socius ” (companion or society) and the Greek word “logos” (science or study). 4.Sociology examines ( जाँच ) patterns of social interactions, social relationships, social processes, institutions, norms, and values that shape and change societies.
5.It covers various aspects of society, such as family, gangs, businesses, political parties, schools, religions, labor unions, poverty, technology, discrimination, illness, overpopulation, and community. 6.The study of sociology has grown in importance due to its focus on social problems, relationships, and behaviors. 7.Different sociologists have proposed various definitions of sociology, showing a continued controversy about its nature and scope.
8.Overall, sociology is concerned with human relations and social institutions. 2

3. 3 DEFINITIONS OF SOCIOLOGY : Kimball Young : Sociology deals with the behavior of men in groups Ogburn : Sociology is concerned with the study of social life and its relationships to the factors of culture, natural environment, heredity, and groups. Lester Ward : Sociology is the science of society or of social phenomena. HP Fairchild : Sociology is the study of the relationship between man and the human environment. Morris Ginsberg : In the broadest sense, sociology is the study of human interactions and inter- relations, their conditions, and consequences.

4. The scope of sociology refers to its subject matter or area of study. There are two main schools of thought regarding the scope of sociology: Specialist or Formalistic School: Supporters of this school believe that sociology should focus on specific aspects ( पहलू ) of society and social behavior. Max Weber emphasized that sociology should deal with interpretations of social behaviors only . Alfred Vierkandt argued that sociology should study formal behavior rather than the actual behavior of individuals in society George Simmel viewed society as a collection of psychic interactions between individuals, not just a collection of individuals. Vone Wiese considered sociology as a special science, with a focus on social behaviors. 4 SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY

5. Supporters of this school believe that sociology is a general science with a broad scope,studying the society as a whole. 1. August Comte advocated for widening the scope of sociology as studying one aspect of society can lead to misleading results. He likened different aspects of society to interconnected Parts of a human body. 2.Hobb-House and Sorokin argued that the scope of sociology should not be narrow but should encompass the study of the entire society. They emphasized that sociology cannot remain isolated from other subjects of study in the modern times. 3.Sorokin saw sociology as a systematic science that deals with manifold interactions in society. 4.Emile Durkheim viewed sociology as the science of collective representation. Synthetic School: 5

6. BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY 6 Social Morphology : Studies the geographical aspects of a society, such as how population density affects a society. Social Physiology: Examines the influence of dynamic processes in society, including religion, morals, law, economics, and politics. General Sociology: Focuses on general social laws and the interactions of human beings with the aim of improving society.

7. Additional Branches of Sociology: Historical Sociology: Studies the development of societies through history, including the origin and social structure of various social groups and organizations. Sociology of Knowledge: Explores the relationship between human thought and the social context in which it arises, indicating that our knowledge is influenced by society. Criminology : Examines criminal behavior of individuals or groups, studying its origin, nature, causes, consequences, control, and prevention. Political Sociology: Studies the interrelationship between society and politics, including political ideologies, their origin, development, and functions. Sociology of Religion: Analyzes the structure of religion within the social system and its influenceon society. Sociology of Economy: Studies economic activities of a society, including production,distribution , consumption, and exchange of goods and services. 7

8. Cont ….. Rural Sociology: Focuses on rural life, studying behavior, culture, norms, and institutions in rural societies. Urban Sociology: Investigates the way of life in urban areas, including social organizations, interactions, and social pathologies of urban society. Sociology of Demography: Studies population size, composition, distribution, and changes overtime. Sociology of Law : Examines the role of law and regulations in society, including the moral order of the society. Industrial Sociology: Studies industrial organizations and their relationships with other societal institutions. Medical Sociology: Applies sociological perspectives and methods to study health issues in societies, focusing on the sociocultural milieu related to health and illness. 8

9. SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING Role of Sociology in Medicine and Nursing: Comprehend Social Processes: Understanding social relationships, economic status, political influences, religious practices, and their impact on healthcare services. Awareness of prevalent social practices beliefs, family structures, and community dynamics for planning nursing care. Understand Social Life of Patients: Recognizing social determinants of health, including customs, beliefs, and traditions that influence individuals' experiences of health. Perceiving subjective experiences of patients accurately, leading to better patient understanding and care. Provide Quality Care to Patients: Awareness of socioeconomic factors, cultural taboos, and barriers affecting patient health to provide comprehensive care. Understanding patient behavior and attitudes towards medical care, facilitating better communication and improved outcomes. Acquaint with the Social Environment: Understanding interpersonal relationships, conflicts, hierarchies, and group dynamics among patients and healthcare providers. Building better relationships with patients, medical personnel, and other healthcare providers. Adjust to the Situation: Adapting to various situations in the hospital environment, promoting a better understanding of patients and co-workers. 9

10. Cont …… Change the Patient Environment: Utilizing sociological knowledge to organize public health programs and promote social change to improve health outcomes. Act as an Agent of Change: Advocating for fairer society to address social factors contributing to poor health and health inequalities. Empowering patients to confront their challenges and promote their wellbeing. Provide Care to Special Groups in Society: Recognizing social needs of special populations and providing suitable care for children, physically challenged, mentally impaired, HIV/AIDS patients, etc. Know Social Landscape: Understanding the social characteristics of regions and localities, enabling better care tailored to the needs of the community. Preventive and Public Health: Using sociological knowledge to identify factors contributing to ill health and offering advice on lifestyle changes to improve health outcomes for different social groups. 10

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