Introduction to surgery basics of minor surgery.pptx

Surgery

1. Introduction to surgery Submitted to, Dr. M ahesh John Dept. of emergency medicine and first aid Submitted by, K. K. Abhirami Fourth year

2. Contents Introduction Minor surgery Terminology Types of surgery Operative setup Equipments

3. Surgery- A branch of medical science Surgery , branch of  medicine  that is concerned with the treatment of injuries,  diseases and other disorders by manual and instrumental means . It is a technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues

4. Minor surgery An invasive operative procedure in which only skin or mucous membrane or connective tissue is resected . Removal of foreign objects from superficial wounds, ears, superficial eye, ear, or nose, (or vaginal) Stitching and/or removal of stitches for wounds and lacerations .

5. Terminology Surgeon - a doctor who performs medical operations (surgery ). Surgical team - The surgical team consists of doctors with different levels of training, experience and responsibility, working alongside other healthcare professionals with different roles and responsibilities . Incision –a surgical cut made in skin or flesh using scalpel Otomy – to cut in to a part of the body that is not necessessarily to be removed

6. Contd. Plasty – body part to be reconstructed Rraphy – repair of damaged or congenital abnormal structure. Resection – partial removal of body structure Suturing or stapling – surgical reconnection between organs, tissues etc.,. Reduction – movement or alignment of body parts to normal position. Ligation – tying of blood vessels or ducts etc,.

7. Contd. Stoma - permanent or semi permanent opening in the body Grafts – pieces of tissue from same or different area for reconstructing the part

8. Types of surgery Surgeries can be classified based on Urgency Purpose Type of procedure Body part Degree of risk Equipment used

9. Based on urgency

10. Based on purpose Diagnostic -Confirms or establishes a diagnosis; Example – biopsy of a mass in a breast . Palliative - Relieves or reduces pain or symptoms of a disease; it does not cure; Example –  resection of nerve roots. Ablative - Removes a diseased body part; Example –  removal of a gallbladder ( cholecystectomy ) Constructive - Restores function or appearance that has been lost or reduced; Example – breast implant Transplant - Replaces malfunctioning structures; Example – hip replacement

11. Based on type of procedure Amputation Replantation Reconstructive Transplant

12. Based on body part Appendectomy Breast biopsy Carotid endarterectomy Cataract surgery Cesarean section Cholecystectomy Coronary artery bypass Haemorrhoidectomy

13. Based on degree of risk Major - It involves a high degree of risk, for a variety of reasons: It may be complicated or prolonged, large losses of blood may occur, vital organs may be involved, or postoperative complications may be likely. Example – organ transplant, open heart surgery, removal of kidney Minor -It involves little risk, produces few complications, and is often performed in a “day surgery”. Example – breast biopsy, removal of tonsils, knee surgery .

14. Based on equipment used Laser Micro surgery Robotic surgery

15. Operative setup Each operating room varies depending on the type of surgery being done: The operating table in the centre of the room can be raised, lowered, and tilted in any direction. The operating room lamps allow for brilliant illumination without shadows during surgery. You will be connected to various monitors that keep track of your vital signs. These include your heart rate and blood pressure. A ventilator or breathing machine stands by the head of the operating table. If your procedure is done under general anesthesia , a ventilator will breathe for you during the procedure by moving oxygen and air in and out of your lungs.

16. Contd. Sterile instruments to be used during surgery are arranged on a stainless steel table. A diathermy machine, to control bleeding, usually is present. If the surgery needs it, a heart-lung machine, or other specialized equipment, may be brought into the room. The operating room will likely be cold to minimize bacterial growth.

17. Equipments in surgery Anesthesia Machine Anesthesia Cart Anesthesia Circuits Anesthesia Monitor - CO2 and Agents Laryngeal Mask Airways Surgical Table Patient Stretcher Patient Stirrups Positioning Pillows Restraint Straps Patient Positioners Surgical Headlight Surgical Lights - ceiling mounted Surgical Microscope AED / Defibrillator Vital Signs Monitor EKG Machine Video Monitors and Cameras C-Arms Ultrasound Machines Endoscopy Tower Laryngoscopes Electrosurgical Unit Smoke Evacuator Sequential Compression Device Surgical Tourniquet Nerve Stimulator Blood Warmer Warming Air Units Central Gas and Suction Desk / Computer Medical Cabinetry Back Instrument Table Exchange Cart Hand Table Mayo Stand(s) Ring Stand Prep Table Utility Cart Stools (Rolling, Step, etc.) Linen Hamper IV Accessories Needle Counters Kick Buckets Biohazard Waste Cans Sponge Counter Units/bags

18. Bibliography https:// www.britannica.com/science/surgery-medicine https://www.brainkart.com/article/Surgical-Classification_31773 / https://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/medical-surgical-nursing/types-of-surgery / https:// www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/common-surgical-procedures https:// www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/the-day-of-surgery-getting-ready-for-surgery-the-operating-room https:// avantehs.com/learn/equipment-checklists/operating-room-equipment-checklist