Introduction to the Mogridge Principle UTS

Presentation outlining the Mogridge principle for microeconomic theory in transport systems

1. 48370 Road & Transport Engineering
Part A: Transport Planning & Public Transport Operations
WEEK 4 LECTURE
(Part 3)
Introduction to the MogridgePrinciple
School of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology
University of Technology Sydney1
DrMichelle Zeibots

2. Aims of this lecture
1.Introduce the MogridgePrinciple
2.Showapplicationofmicroeconomic theory
to multi-modal transport systems
3.Application of MogridgePrinciple to road
traffic signals with Transit Signal Priority
(TSP)
2

3. Theories used to account for human
travel behaviourchange
1.Psychology: used to account for individual behaviour
and to generate ideas for travel behaviourchange
programs.
2.Systems thinking/theory: used to account for whole
transport & land-use system behaviourand complex
relationships between system components. Also
used to develop transport options.
3.Microeconomic theory: used to evaluate costs and
benefits of transport initiatives and projects based
on models of transport user responses.
3

4. 4
Dr Martin Mogridge
EustonRoad,London.

5. increase in proportio n
by mass transit
decrease
car
mass
transit
increase in proportion
by car
car
mass
transit
cost
increase
cost
Addition of motorway capacity:
increase in road speed
Addition of rail services:
increase in rail speeds
The Mogridge
Principle
5
mode split

6. 1.Public transport operates to a fixed speed —a timetable.
2.Roads operate to variable speeds determined by car
numbers.
3.Most people will take whichever transport option is
quickest. If public transport is quicker, they'll catch a train or
bus, and the number of people won’t change the speed.
4.If driving is quicker, people will use their car. The more who
do this, the slower the road network speed becomes.
5.People who shift between modes in pursuit of the quickest
option are the reason why public transport speeds
determine road speeds.
MogridgePrinciple: quick explanation
6

7. MogridgePrinciple: more technical
explanation (1)
1.Public transport networks operate to a fixed speed,
determined by the operating schedule or timetable.
2.Road networks operate to a variable speed that is
determined by how many people choose to drive.
3.Most people will choose to travel using which ever transport
mode or option/s is quickest.
7

8. MogridgePrinciple: more technical
explanation (2)
4.If public transport speeds are increased so the marginal
cost (unit cost) of trips by public transport is reduced, it will
become a more attractive option for some road users.
5.If some road users leave the road network to join the public
transport network, speeds for other road users will
increasewith fewer vehicles thereby reducing the marginal
cost of trips.
6.In this way, an equilibriumis generated between road and
public transport speeds road traffic congestion levels are
heavily influenced by the speed of parallel public transport
network speeds.
8

9. 9
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
Increase in congestion as trip numbers
increase also pushedupthecost ofcar
travel which explains the shape of the
demand curve

10. 10
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When road space is added to a network,
congestion levels are reduced because the
density of vehicles is reduced enabling
speeds to increase —increases in travel
speeds changes the shape of the demand
curve for car travel

11. 11
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When road space is added to a network,
congestion levels are reduced because the
density of vehicles is reduced enabling
speeds to increase —increases in travel
speeds changes the shape of the demand
curve for car travel

12. 12
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When we add a demand curve for public transport,
we see a different shape because public transport
operates to a fixed or scheduled speed —as
passenger numbers rise, time costs for everyone do
not also rise while rolling stock, energy and other
supply costs per trip are reduced with the increase
in economies of scale

13. 13
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When an improvement to public transport is made (ie. a
new rail line is built, services are delivered more quickly,
frequencies are increased and capacity added), as more
people are attracted to the service the increase in
customers does not create congestion that affects the
speed of the services bring delivered, which is why the
demand curve is shaped differently to the demand curve
for private transport

14. 14
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When road space is added to a network, it
becomes faster for some people to travel by
car than to use public transport and so they
shift transport modes and change the mode-
split. In this process the generalisedcost of
transport increases.

15. 15
The Mogridge
Principle
: addition of motorway
capacity & road speed
When public transport services are added or
improved, it becomes quicker for some people
to travel by public transport and so they shift
from private car use and change the mode-
split. In this process the generalisedcost of
transport is reduced.

16. Applicationofthe MogridgePrinciple
to road traffic signals
In Zurich,Switzerland

17. Multi-model road with high LOS example:
Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland
17
34%
20%
46%
Mode-split for Zurich*non-motorized (active) :
motorisedpublic :
motorisedprivate :
Source:UITP,2000,Millennium CitiesDatabase. International Association of Public Transport Providers (UITP),
Brussels … note that data are for 1995 and that aggregate mode-split figures do not change significantly for
cities over time.

18. Zurich, Switzerland

19. Zurich, Switzerland

20. Multi-model road with high LOS example:
Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland
20

21. Zurich tramway
network
21

22. Multi-model road with high capacity and LOS
example: Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland
22

23. Multi-model road with high capacity and LOS
example: Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland (1)
23

24. Multi-model road with high capacity and LOS
example: Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland (2)
24

25. Multi-model road with high capacity and LOS
example: Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland (3)
25

26. Multi-model road with high capacity and LOS
example: Burkliplatz, Zürich Switzerland
26