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1. COMPUTER HARDWARE SOFTWARE & ITS CLASSIFICATION By: Ifra Ghaffar

2. Contents What Is Computer? Components of Computer Hardware Types of Hardware Software Types of Software Conclusion

3. What is COMPUTER? Computers are automatic, electronic machines that accept data & instructions from a user (INPUT) store the data & instructions (STORAGE) Processes the data and coverts it into useful Information. (PROCESSING) store &/or output the results to the user (OUTPUT) Inputs Outputs Processing Storage

4. Its components include… Input devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Primary storage (Memory) Secondary storage (Mass storage) Output devices A computer system is composed of hardware and software Components of Computer

5. Input devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Examples … Keyboard Mouse Optical Mouse Trackball Joystick Light Pen Webcam Barcode Reader Touchscreen INPUT DEVICES

6. An output device is a piece of hardware that is used to display or output data which has been processed or has been stored on the computer. Examples are… Monitor Printer Speakers Plotter Video Beam OUT PUT DEVICES

7. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) CPU is the heart and brain of a computer. It receives data as input. Follows instruction , and processes data accordingly.

8. Primary Storage also called Main Memory On board memory (located on the motherboard) Very fast, but expensive Two types RAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only Memory RAM - Random Access Memory Read/write capability Contents lost when computer is turned off (volatile) A program must be in RAM for it to execute PRIMARY STORAGE ( MEMORY )

9. ROM - Read Only Memory Read but not write capability Permanent Stores the instructions to be executed when the computer is turned on PRIMARY STORAGE (MEMORY )

10. Secondary Storage also called Mass Storage External devices (not on the motherboard); either inside or outside the computer Store programs and data permanently Slower, but cheaper SECONDARY STORAGE (MASS STORAGE)

11. Floppy Disk Zip Drive CD Hard Disk Drive Tape Flash drives SECONDARY STORAGE (MASS STORAGE)

12. Data & Information Data Refers to Raw Facts and figures that are collected and stored. It can be in form of Number Text Graphics or any other type of input. Information is processed and organized form of data that is used for decision making. Consider this example a sequence of numbers “100,150,200 is just data. However if you put it into context The sales of a product over the past three months were 100,150,200 units” it become information because it provides meaning and context.

13. HARDWARE Mechanical, electrical, electronic, or other physical equipment and machinery associated with a computer system Physical part of computer that can be touched Hardware cant perform any task without software It is not affected by computer viruses Hardware includes a central processing unit (CPU), keyboard, and monitor.

14. SOFTWARE Programs written in a special language with a series of instructions to a computer. Simply a set of instruction necessary for a computer to accomplish required tasks. It can not be touched Software cant be executed without Hardware It is affected by computer viruses

15. A computer program is a series of instructions each instruction is expressed in a format consistent with a predefined set of rules a computer processes data under the direction of the instructions in a program there are instructions to input, process, store and output data SOFTWARE

16. System Software controls all machine activities Provide platform for application software to run Can work run independently User cant interact coz it run in background It start running automatically when computer is on and stop when computer is off DOS, Windows , Unix, Linux, Mac OS TYPES OF SOFTWARE

17. Application Software Design for specific task or to solve a specific problem Provides audio video or multimedia entertainment Cannot run without system software Cant run and work independently User interact with application directly VlC , MS Word, MS Excel, Photoshop, google chrome.

18. Customized Software Design for particular Customer Cost high Can be change if there is need Student portals for school and universities Package Software Developed for sale to software developers or users for their use Cost is low Word Excel PowerPoint TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

19. Conclusion Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer. In contrast,  software  is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system .