invention and discoveries that changed the world over the course of history.pptx

discoveries- nalaman mong hindi ka niya mahal
invention- nagparetoke

1. “INVENTION AND DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGE THE WORLD OVER THE COURSE OF HISTORY AND HOW IT TRANSFORM OVER THE PERIOD OF TIME” Presentor: Rechie T. Burlaza Instructor: Ma. Fatima Gaudence B. Naranjo, MSTSS (CAR)

2. answer: No (explanation may vary) Before we delve in our topic, let’s try to answer the following question. 1. Is invention and discoveries are the same? Explain answer: The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 2. Who invented the telephone?

3. answer: Isaac Newton 3. Who discovered the gravity? answer: DNA 5. In what year does facebook launched by Mark Zuckerberg along with his Harvard University classmates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes 4. It is the molecule that encodes genetic information for all living things. answer: 2004

4. Discoveries involve finding something that already exists but was previously unknown. They often reveal new knowledge about the natural world. Examples: Gravity: Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity explained why objects fall to the ground. Nature: Discoveries are often about understanding and explaining phenomena. Inventions involve creating something new that did not exist before. They often solve specific problems or improve existing solutions. Examples: The Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, revolutionizing communication. Nature: Inventions are typically about innovation and application. DISCOVERIES VS. INVENTION

5. 1. Earth in motion DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGE THE WORLD Earth in motion refers to the understanding that Earth is not stationary but moves in different ways. Earth rotates on an axis and revolves around a star.  Discovered by:   Aristarchus of Samos , was one of the first to suggest that Earth orbits the Sun. Nicolaus Copernicus is often credited with proposing the first heliocentric model of the universe.

6. 2. Gravity DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGE THE WORLD a force of attraction between particles or bodies that occurs because of their mass. Discovered by:   Isaac Newton

7. 3. Germ Theory DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGE THE WORLD the theory that certain disease are cause by the invasion of the body by microorganism. Discovered by:   Luis Pastuer

8. 1. COMPASS INVENTION THAT CHANGE THE WORLD The first compass was invented in China during the Han dynasty between the 2nd Century B.C. and 1st Century A.D

9. 2. Light Bulb INVENTION THAT CHANGE THE WORLD The invention of the light bulb transformed our world by removing our dependence on natural light, allowing us to be productive at any time, day or night. Thomas Edison is credited as the primary inventor because he created a completely functional lighting system, including a generator and wiring as well as a carbon-filament bulb like the one above, in 1879.

10. 3. Telephone INVENTION THAT CHANGE THE WORLD Several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission — many of whom later filed intellectual property lawsuits when telephone use exploded — but it was Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell who was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone on March 7, 1876

11. OTHER INVENTION OR DISCOVERIES 1. WHEEL 2. PRINTING PRESS 3. DNA 4. ELECTRICITY

12. Let’s Dig Deeper! ADD A FOOTER

13. ANCIENT TIMES In the ancient times, the primary concern are transportation and navigation, communication and record-keeping, mass production, security and protection, as well as health, aesthetics, and architecture. ADD A FOOTER

14.  SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION Sumeria is located in the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia, nowknown as Iraq. Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with others and their desire for great things. They are not contented with the basic things that life can offer. ADD A FOOTER https://sl.bing.net/h5L1EDnUl2

15. ADD A FOOTER 1. Cuneiform is considered as the first writing system developed by Sumerians. A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry. This allowed Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value of their everyday life. 2. Uruk City i s considered to be the first true city in the world. Built by Sumerians using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks. Bricks are used to make houses that protected them from the harsh weather and to build a wall around the city that prevented wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering. https://sl.bing.net/kCMLU59wrF6 https://sl.bing.net/kWNnXqBvVoy

16. ADD A FOOTER 3. The Great Ziggurat of Ur is also called as the “Mountain of god”. It was built in the same manner that Sumerians constructed the City of Uruk using sun-baked bricks. It served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priests were allowed to enter. 4. Irrigation and Dikes are created by Sumerians to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding in the rivers. This was considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works. This enable Sumerians to enjoy year-long farming and harvesting, which increased their food production. https://sl.bing.net/fLBmbAxjYLA https://sl.bing.net/go1rlbOdvP2

17. 5. Sailboats are primarily used by Sumerians for transportation through their waterways such as rivers and seas. Used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distances. 6. Wheel was invented by Sumerians for farm work and food processing. Farmers were able to mill with less effort in less time. 7. Plow was invented by Sumerians to dig the earth in a faster pace. This enable farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster, enabling them to mass produce food without taking so much effort and time.

18.  BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION Babylonian civilization emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Babylonians are great builders, engineers, and architects ADD A FOOTER

19. 1. Hanging Gardens of Babylon was a structure said to be made up of layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines. It was said to be built by the great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife Queen Amytis. However, no physical evidence has been found to prove its existence and its exact location. Some said this is a product of the creative imagination of the great King. 2. Tower of Babel In biblical literature, it is a structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia). The story of its construction appears to explain the existence of diverse human languages. According to Genesis, the Babylonians wanted to make a name for themselves by building a mighty city and a tower with its top in the heavens. God disputed the work by so confusing the language of the workers that they could no longer understand one another. The city was never completed, and the people were dispersed over the face of the earth.

20.  EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Another early civilization famous for its legacy located in North Africa. Aside from engineering technology, the Egyptians have contributed other practical things that the world now considers as essential. ADD A FOOTER

21. ADD A FOOTER 1. Paper or Papyrus . Invented by Egyptians since clay tablets were heavy to transport and not convenient for safe-keeping. Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. This invention was a major accomplishment in Egyptian record-keeping and communications. 2. Ink . Invented by Egyptians since they ceased to use clay tablets and invented the papyrus. Made by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks with different colors.

22. ADD A FOOTER 3. Hieroglyphics. Writing system developed by Egyptians which uses symbols. Egyptians believed that this writing system was provide to them by the gods. 4. Cosmetics. Invented by Egyptians for health and aesthetic reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena. Egyptians believed that a person wearing make-up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness.

23. ADD A FOOTER 5. Wig. Another cosmetic invention of ancient Egyptians. During the ancient times, wigs were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes. The wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the sun. It was considered cleaner than natural hair because it prevented the accumulation of head lice. 6. Water Clock/Clepsydra. This device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water (or its height, depending on the method used) remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full. It is widely used as a timekeeping device during the ancient times.

24.  ROMAN CIVILIZATION Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west. Considered to be the cradle of politics and governance during that period and looked up by other civilizations as their model in terms of legislation and codified laws. ADD A FOOTER

25. ADD A FOOTER 1. Newspaper. One of the major contributions of the Romans. Known as “Gazettes”, this contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed. With the advent of the paper minutes of the proceedings of the Roman senate were done in shorthand. These documents were edited and published on the same day that they were recorded. 2. Bound Books or Codex. Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was lightweight, and did not occupy much space. This has resulted the civilizations to become fond of record-keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws. It was believed that Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. Later on, they were able to provide covers to protect the papyrus.

26. ADD A FOOTER 3. Roman Architecture. One of the most visual contribution of the ancient Roman Empire to the world. Considered as the continuation of Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance. Roman architecture was regarded as pioneering since the Romans were able to adapt new building and engineering technology on architectural designs. This development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully supported and funded by the Roman government so they were able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, coliseums, amphitheaters, and even residential houses. 4. Roman Numerals. Devised by Romans to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. Not widely used at present due to its inherent limitations, however, quite a number of enthusiasts would still use it over more popular number systems, like the Hindu-Arabic system.

27.  CHINESE CIVILIZATION Considered as the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world. Famous among other ancient civilizations because of its silk trade. ADD A FOOTER

28. ADD A FOOTER 1. Silk. Chinese developed technology to harvest the silk, naturally produced by silkworms, and process it to produce paper and clothing. Silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade. This has opened China to the outside world, making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges. 2. Tea Production. Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves. It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor. Tea production was developed when an unknown Chinese inventor created a machine that was able to shred tea leaves into strips. This machine was done using a wheel-based mechanism with sharp edges attached to a wooden or ceramic pot. This has made China known for tea exports aside from silk products.

29. ADD A FOOTER 3. Great Wall of China. Once considered as the only man-made structure that can be seen from the outer space. It is said to be the largest and most expensive infrastructures that the nation built. It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of China. Made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and other minerals, it showcased the extent of Chinese engineering technology at that time. 4. Gun Powder. One of the most interesting inventions in China. Originally developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve “elixir of life” or immortality but instead they accidentally invented a black powder that could generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant. Made by mixing charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate. Also used by Chinese for fireworks during important celebration in China.

30. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES The start of the middle ages was marred by massive invasions and migrations and wars were prevalent. Trade and commerce among nations increased, which resulted in greater demands for transportation technology. Also known as the “Age of Exploration” ADD A FOOTER

31. ADD A FOOTER 1. Printing Press. Johan Gutenberg was able to invent the printing press, a more reliable way of printing using a cast type. He utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on paper. This general invention soon evolved to be the mechanical printing press which was eventually used all over the world. This invention addressed the need for publishing books that would spread information to many people at a faster rate. 2. Microscope. Zacharias Janssen was able to develop the first compound microscope guided by the principles used for the invention of eyeglasses. With this device, people were able to observe organisms that were normally unseen by the naked eye. The microscope was key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illnesses.

32. ADD A FOOTER 3. Telescope. An optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects.This helped navigators during this time to see far and wide to avoid dangers in the sea. Together with telescope, the invention of the compass, oars, and rudders made sea travelling easier and faster. 4. War Weapons. Great development in the weaponry technology occurred during this time. Weapons were developed as offensive tools and as defensive tools. For open-area battles, people developed cross bows and long bows so that they could attack the enemies at long ranges. Creation of iron body armors addressed the need to protect soldiers during close range hand-to-hand combats. However, body armors are heavy and limited soldiers’ movement. This problem was eventually addressed by the invention of the chainmail.

33. MODERN TIMES Due to the booming world population, the demand for goods, transportation, communication, etc. increased. This has marked by development of industries during this time. Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since health was of great concern. ADD A FOOTER

34. ADD A FOOTER 1. Pasteurization. Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, found a way to solve the problem on keeping the manufactured food from deteriorating, especially dairy products. He invented Pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. Other contributions of Pasteur includes his works on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, and vaccination. 2. Petroleum Refinery. Modern times demanded better means of powering homes and transportation. At first, people used animal oils for generating light to illuminate their homes. However, the production of animal oils could not keep up with the demand. Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum. Kerosene was later on referred as the “Illuminating Oil” because it was used at first to provide lighting to homes and later applied for heating purposes. The development of kerosene established the petroleum refinery industry.

35. ADD A FOOTER 3. Telephone. It was considered as one of the most important invention of that time, Alexander Graham Bell developed telephone. This addressed the need of communication system which would allow the government to administer their states well. 4. Calculator. Modern times required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. The creation of modern calculators did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.

36. PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS Despite being considered as a developing country, the Philippines also contributed to the global advancement of science and technology. Since Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of natural disasters, many of the discoveries and inventions made by Filipinos were therefore built from indigenous materials or crafted to adapt to the harsh tropical environment. ADD A FOOTER

37. ADD A FOOTER LIST OF PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS  Salamander Amphibious Tricycle- was invented by Victor Llave and his team at H2O Technologies, a privately owned and run Filipino company  Karaoke invented by Roberto del Rosario Medical incubator invented by Fe del Mundo , alife-saving device to treat jaundice.

38. Thank You! RECHIE T. BURLAZA BSBA-2FM A