Invention to Innovation_27 Sep 2024.pptx

Invention to Innovation

1. INVENTION TO INNOVATION SAURABH GUPTA, PhD @ QualiaInTheVoid saurabh21 [phone]

2. Understanding of Invention vs Innovation on a scale of 1 to 10 2

3. What do you understand by Innovation? a) A mindset b) A Process c) Set of cognitive, strategic and practical strategies 3

4.       INNOVATION = INVENTION X VALUE 4 USUALLY FIRST MOVERS

5. 5 INVENTION INNOVATION The creation of a new idea, concept, device, or method. The process of improving, refining , and commercializing an invention. Idea generation, problem-solving, and prototyping . Improving the invention, aligning it with market needs, and creating value for users.

6. S Ramanujan Can we learn or teach – How to do Innovation? 6 Innovation is a “design” process

7. Jugaad Man: Uddhab Bharali The Non-stop inventor Two important statements Nobody can make you a innovator You have to “feel” it 7

8. DESIGING EXPERIENCES Experience THE TALK (Experiential Learning) 8

9. 9

10. moving from invention to innovation is essential for economic growth, industry advancement and solving real-world problems 10

11. Paul Saffo – A futurist 19 th century- Industrial Economy 20th century – Consumer Economy 21st century – Creators Economy 11

12. Economy driven by bUILDERS , creators, Makers Direct Monetization Platform Independence Decentralized Media Diverse Revenue Streams Community Building 12

13. TOP reason for failure of Startup Lack of Market Need   (42% of failures) 13

14. 14

15. ROOT CAUSES MINDSET opinionated, have assumptions, judgmental, biased Reasoning Approaches “tame” problem mindset Conditioned from earlier (19 th and 20 th ) centuries Design vs Design Thinking Problem Understanding “tame” vs “wicked” 15

16. 16

17. 17

18. MINDSET Most Common Ones are - Deductive reasoning traditional form of reasoning you’ll be familiar with from pure maths or physics which start with a general hypothesis, then use evidence to prove (or disprove) its validity. Inductive reasoning using experimentation to derive a hypothesis from a set of general observations. Not so common - Abductive reasoning ? associated with creative problem solving 18

19. Most common ones are TAME Problems - can be solved by choosing and applying the correct algorithm … a panacea or silver bullet 19

20. 20

21. 21 Design -> Design Thinking Focusing just on design is very incremental and don’t have much impact Emerged in later half of 20 th century as design became a tool for consumerism It makes products amusing, desirable but “not important”

22. PHILOSOPHY OF DT Designing participative experiences of consumers that are meaningful, productive and profitable Human Centric Approach (Life Centric Approach) Inclusion, Inclusive design, Inclusive practice Building max value for users Something that challenge the accepted wisdom 22

23. 1970s design and planning problems are wicked problems as opposed to "tame", single disciplinary, problems of science 1980s bring the rise of  human-centered design  1990s Design thinking was adapted for business purposes 2005 Stanford University's d.school begins to teach design thinking as a generalizable approach to technical and social innovation 2020 Life-centered design 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. Market Need and Fit : Understand customer pain points and market gaps .  - Examples of inventions that failed due to  lack of market fit. Prototyping and Testing :  - Rapid prototyping to test ideas quickly. - Importance of iterative feedback and improvement cycles. 26

27. HUMAN CENTERD APPROACH INCLUSION HOLISTIC VIEW 27

28. 28

29. challenges Commercialization Hurdles : Difficulty in scaling ideas from lab prototypes to mass production. Risk Management : High risk of failure for early-stage innovations. Importance of adapting to market feedback and changing direction if necessary. Cultural and Organizational Barriers : Overcoming resistance to change in traditional industries. How innovation needs organizational support. 29

30. Case Studies: Success Stories Example 1: The Light Bulb (Thomas Edison) : Invention of the electric light bulb. Innovation came through scaling it, creating an electrical grid, and mass production. Example 2: The iPhone (Apple) : Invention of smartphone technology. Innovation through integration of user experience, design, and app ecosystem. Example 3: CRISPR (Gene Editing) : Scientific discovery of gene editing. Innovation through its application in medicine and agriculture. 30

31. Preliminary Tools - Growth Mindset Convergent and Divergent Thinking Wicked Problems Abductive Reasoning 31

32. RIGHT MINDSET GROWTH MINDSET CONVERGENT & DIVERGENT THINKING 32

33. As a process of designing WICKED PROBLEMS Abductive Reasoning 33

34. 34

35. 35

36. how entrepreneurship mindset help to make trust-based SOCIETY - Openness and Transparency - Empathy and Relationships - Resilience and Integrity - Innovation and Empowerment - Ethical Decision-Making 36

37. devising more than one solution for a problem statement requires speed, accuracy, efficiency, logical reasoning, and Techniques judgment is an important part 37

38. Wicked Problems Initially Completely difficult and almost impossible to solve We don’t have data for these problems Open ended, ill defined problems which creates new problems when you try to solve them Examples Computer mouse for grandmother Traffic Jams Queues in the public offices 38

39. 39 DT is not just about creativity but also abductive reasoning the least well known of the three forms of reasoning Deductive Inductive Abductive the one that’s associated with creative problem solving.

40. Abductive Reasoning form of reasoning where you make inferences (or educated guesses) based on an incomplete set of information in order to come up with the most likely solution This is how doctors come up with their diagnoses, well-known scientists formed their hypotheses, and how most designers work. Even Sherlock Holmes Should be preferred over logical certainty of deductive reasoning or the statistical comfort of inductive reasoning 40

41. Abductive Reasoning Unlike deduction or induction, abductive logic allows for the creation of new knowledge and insight much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. 41

42. Abductive Reasoning Are we sure if we are using ABDUCTIVE REASONING In solving AI problems OR we are using Deductive or Inductive Reasoning 42

43. What is DT ? Design thinking is a life human - centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success. — TIM BROWN, EXECUTIVE CHAIR OF IDEO USE in - Solving wicked problems … a panacea or silver bullet 43

44. 44 Life

45. 45

46. 46

47. start with people and culture LIFE 47

48. MELINDA GATES:   Human - centered design LIFE- centered design (A Process not an outcome) Meeting people where they are and really taking their needs and feedback into account. When you let people participate in the design process , you find that they often have ingenious ideas about what would really help them. And it’s not a onetime thing; it’s an iterative process . WIRED: What innovation do you think is changing the most lives in the developing world? 48

49. How does that work in practice? PAUL FARMER In Haiti I would see people sleeping outside the hospital with their donkey saddle under their neck — they’d been waiting there for days. And no one was asking them , “What are you eating while you’re waiting? What is your family eating while you’re gone?” We have to design a health delivery system by actually talking to people and asking, “What would make this service better for you?” As soon as you start asking, you get a flood of answers. 49

50. 50

51. 51 Isambard Kingdom Brunel  was an English civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history,” "one of the 19th-century engineering giants ,” and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions." I want to give the Experience of “floating” to passengers along the countryside - flattest gradient, longest tunnels

52. Why it is important 52 allows high-impact solutions to bubble up from below rather than being imposed from the top

53. 53

54. “Needs” as Verbs vs Nouns Nouns are mostly solutions Verbs are more generative Eg – Instead of platform, monkey needs solution to reach the tap, then we can think of many solutions (nouns) Henry Ford and Steve Jobs – What the needs are Try to find the ”need” the user has Needs are opportunities, not solutions Insights (“Why” response to the need) – Maybe the monkey is not thirsty and just want to play with the tap Immersion, observation 54 What the monkey is trying to do ? Wat concerns the user, what makes sense for them and interests and values of the users

55. Problem – Kids in new school don’t take healthy food in lunchbox A requirement of healthy food is a Projected need The kids “need” is to get accepted among peer group Point of View ( PoV ) : Components User – A kid in a new school Need – Social acceptance while having Healthy food Insight – for a kid, Social risk is more dangerous then a health risk 55

56. PULSE NEWS APP We did develop products before, but we didn’t think about things like gaining empathy for our users or developing prototypes at that time. That was missing.” - Founders of PULSE They met at cafés in Palo Alto where they also encountered their future users . It was often the little insights that shaped their idea further: We started observing people reading news in cafés in Palo Alto. We basically stayed all day in a café for user tests. We then realized that other users felt the same way. They were also dissatisfied with how news was read on mobile phones at that time. Newsreaders back then required you to put in RSS feeds and were tedious to set up. We focused on visuals so that users could discover a lot of content really quickly.” 56

57. MAKERSPACE NIT Raipur 57

58. Have you ever worried about your drip ? 58

59. Automated Drip monitoring system (with Calidad Healthcare Pvt Ltd) We made it “very smart” and has put all kind of engineering, then we came to know most of the nurses don’t have smartphones. And we redesigned it again. 59

60. Methods Observations as at times it is difficult for the users to communicate the “need” Baby products, people who has accepted the “problem” and started living with that 60

61. Interviews (Focus group, individual) Make your customer feel comfortable. Ask some introductory questions to collect basic demographics that you believe will drive how you segment and qualify your initial customer. Outline the problem that you have identified as worth solving with some context. Ask your prospect how critical is this problem – is it a must-have, good-to-have, or don’t need? Explore Customer’s Worldview - Ask the prospect how he/she addresses this problem currently. Wrapping Up - seek permission to follow-up for the Problem/Solution interview Document Results 61

62. Walking Conversations Listen – to get their perspectives Design a workshop Creating Ecosystem 62

63. Designers Approach to Empathy Without judgement With a beginners eyes With curiosity Optimistically - Respectfully 63

64. best practices on how to run problem interviews - Prefer face-to-face interviews - Pick a neutral location - Ask for sufficient time - Avoid recording the interviewee 64

65. 65 Einstein must had empathized with Physics or other physicists

66. 66

67. Why it is important 67 Better understanding of the problem with thorough understanding of the users context and to go into the direction “problem worth solving”

68. Methods follow 5 WHYs to get the “problem worth solving”) NGO working with girls to train them for “Beautician course” What is the job to be done? Workshop with stakeholders - Present “problem statement” to other stakeholders in the ecosystem to refine it. 68

69. Methods Cluster Analysis “How Might We” – Divergent thinking is applied Some example questions – “How might we” make the user experience better 69

70. 70

71. Methods Mind Mapping New connections, insights, contradictions emerge as the activity proceeds 71

72. 72

73. Why it is important 73 To find “new angles”

74. Methods Visuals and Tactile representations Brainstorming You build good ideas from each other’s wild ideas. Focusing and Flaring 74

75. Methods Braindumping – This is like brainstorming, but done individually by keeping thinking hats . 75

76. Methods Brainwriting – This is like brainstorming, but everyone writes down and passes ideas for others to add to before discussing these. Blue Ocean Strategy Worst Possible Idea Challenging Assumptions Mind mapping Zero budget ideation Extreme case ideation Storyboarding 76

77. Rules of Ideation Defer judgement Go for volume One conversation at a time Be visual Build on the ideas of others Encourage wild ideas Stay on topic Exploration vs Exploitation 77

78. 78

79. Why it is important 79 Save lot of resources

80. Prototype Something we “build in order to think” Helps in SWOT analysis of our ideas 80

81. Important Question (before starting the prototyping) Can you define the minimum features needed to solve this problem? 81

82. Types proof-of-principle prototype verify some key functional aspects of the intended design working prototype represents all or nearly all of the functionality of the final product visual prototype represents the size and appearance, but not the functionality 82

83. Types user experience prototype represents enough of the appearance and function of the product that it can be used for user research functional prototype captures both function and appearance of the intended design paper prototype printed or hand-drawn representation of the user interface of a software product 83

84. PULSE NEWS APP The team discovered the power of prototyping during their iteration cycles. These prototypes changed significantly over time as the idea became more concrete. Afterwards we would show them paper prototypes. The idea was to show multiple prototypes at the same time. People would always have a preference for one or the other prototype.  84

85. 85

86. Why it is important 86 Helps to “Fail (if at all) Early”

87. Guidelines when Planning a Test Let your users compare alternatives Show, don’t tell: let your users experience the prototype Ask users to talk through their experience Observe Ask follow up questions 87

88. Prerequisite to testing A understanding that “users” feedback is priceless 88

89. 89

90. 90

91. 91

92. 92 - 200 designs rejected Prototypes Interior design to automobile design Testing more then 50 shades of red Wrecking 40 SUVs

93. SHOPWELL helps you maintain a healthy diet and is especially useful if you are allergic to or want to avoid certain foods. Its app delivers ratings for a wide variety of food items specific to your profile, helping you find healthier alternatives to foods you like to eat. "like having a personal dietitian in the palm of your hands” And they have found that mostly the customers hit after they have been diagnosed with something 93

94. 94

95. 95

96. Grassroot innovations 96

97. This is a lower limb operated manual device to assist upper limb impaired or those which an injury to turn/flip the pages of books easily. In this experimental setup, better growth of potted plants was observed where cockroach excreta was used as fertiliser. This idea struck Ananya when one day her friends were complaining about the cockroach problem in their homes. She then wondered whether  this pest could be used for productive purposes and then carried out this experiment. 97

98. - Low cost, easy to operate, provide choice of making espresso coffee. - Useful to roadside tea stalls, small dhabas , guesthouse and other places, where choice coffee can be offered along with tea - It can be used to make a variety of hot beverages as well, including Cappuccino, Lattes, Tea, Hot Chocolate, and of course espresso 98

99. - It is a mobile " chulha " as it is a portable one and easy to handle. - Low running fuel cost as it enables use of paddy husk as a fuel which is considered useless thing after milling of paddy grain. - Very cost effective and useful tool especially in rice growing region. 99

100. DT in Emerging Technologies AI, IoT, 3D Printing etc. Science, Technology Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) DT to solve math problems Case Study 100

101. Baby Incubators – Case Study Arvind eye care They porotype the ide very early. They brought down the cost of intraocular lenses from 200 USD to 4 USD a pair. Manual Scavenging is still prevalent in India. A significant problem that needs design thinking solutions Design Thinking workshop has to be conducted in village schools Terms and conditions of a product – user friendly 101

102. 102 It’s a good approach for market-pull kind of innovation, and not so much about ‘technology-push ’ It’s a Method, not MAGIC DT as a CASE STUDY is itself in the “iterative” phase of DT

103. Thank you @ QualiaInTheVoid saurabh21 [phone]