Investigation of acidic and basic salts

Acidic radical group1

1. Investigation of acidic and basic
radical of simple salts
By/ Abdelrazek Askar
Under supervision:
Prof.Dr. Alaa Amin
Dr. Hesham Elfeky

2. Concept of Analytical Chemistry
Types of chemical analysis
Qualitative analysis
Manual qualitative analysis for acidic and
basic radicals of simple salts

3. Analytical chemistry:
is the science of obtaining, processing, and
communicating information about the composition
and structure of matter.
In other words, it is the art and science of
determining what matter is and how much of it
exists.

4. Drug Manufacturing Environmental Monitoring
Process Control in
Industry
Food Production
Analytical
Chemistry

5. Chemical
Analysis
Qualitative
Analysis
it deals with the
identification of
elements or grouping
of elements present in
a sample.
Quantitative
Analysis
is any method used
for determining the
amount of a chemical
in a sample

6. provides information about the identity of species
or functional groups in the sample (an analyte can
be identified).

There are two method to carry out qualitative
analysis for matter:
Manual method
Instrumental method

7. First of all, we should know which matter we
are going to make manual qualitative
analysis:

Matter
Organic Inorganic

8. Most are solids

May contain carbon. Contain metal and other
elements. Does not contain carbon-hydrogen
bonds.

Generally obtained from non-living matter,
i.e., minerals.

9. We are going to make manual qualitative
analysis for simple salts:

Simple salts consist of two radicals:

a.Acidic radical ( Which has negative charge)
b.Basic radical ( Which has positive charge )
EX: NaCl
Na+( Basic radical) Cl-(Acidic radical)

10. Groups of Acidic radicals:
1. Group (1) :
[ ????????????
3, ??????????????????
3, S, So3, S2o3, No2]

2. Group (2) :
[ Cl, Br, I , No3 ]

3. Group (3) :
[ So4 , B4o7 , Po4 ]

11. [ ????????????
3, ??????????????????
3, S, So3, S2o3, No2]
Steps for manual qualitative analysis for first
group :
A.Physical properties:
1. Shape : it may be ( powder, crystal, fine crystal,
and sheets )
2. Color : it may be ( colored such as red, yellow,
orange……etc & colorless )
3. Odour : it may has characteristic odour & it has
not characteristic odour.
4. Solubility : it may be [ soluble in cold water & in
hot water & in dill acid & conc acid & aqua regia(
max of conc HNo3+ conc HCl]

12. B. Chemical properties :
We are going to do tow test ( general test, and
confirmation test ).
1.General test :
*This test depend on using a reagent which
react with salt and according to the result of
this reaction you can predict which acidic
radical present in the salt.
*We will use ( dill HCL ) as reagent for group
no(1).

13. Experimental work:



Dil Hcl



1 gm of salt

14. Observation Results
1.Effervescence and evolution of
Co2 gas which cause turbidity
of lime water.
Equation:
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl +
H
2
O+ CO
2


It may be carbonate CO3 or
bicarbonate HCO3
2. Evolution of H2S gas with rotten
odor
Equation:
2Na2S + 4HCL 4NaCl+ 2H2S

It may be sulphide ( S )
3. Evolution of SO2 gas with
suffocating odor
Equation:
Na2SO3 + 2HCl 2NaCL + SO2
+H2O

It may be sulphite ( SO3 )
4. Evolution of SO2 gas with yellow
ppt
Equation:
Na2S2O3 + HCl NaCl+SO2
+S+ H2O

It may be thiosulphate ( S2O3)
5. Evolution of NO gas which react
with o2 of air and forming reddish
brown gas NO2
Equation :
NaNo2+ HCl NaCl+HNO2
3HNO2 HNO3+ 2NO + H2O
2NO+O2 2NO2
It may be nitrite ( NO2 )

15. 2. confirmation test :
This test we have to do it for conformation of
the results of general test.
Experimental work:

Reagent


solution of salt( salt+solvent)

16. 1. Carbonate / Bicarbonate :


reagent obs res
1. MgSo4 a.White ppt on cold

b. White ppt on hot
It is carbonate
( CO3)

It is bicarbonate
( HCO3)
2. AgNO3 a.White ppt on cold

b. White ppt on hot

It is carbonate
( CO3)

It is bicarbonate
( HCO3)

3. HgCL2 a.Reddish brown
ppt on cold

b. Reddish brown
ppt on hot

It is carbonate
( CO3)

It is bicarbonate
( HCO3)

17. 2. Sulphide :






3. Sulphite :


reagent obs res
1.Pb(CH3COO)2 Black ppt of
(PbS)
It is sulphide
2. AgNo3 Black ppt of
(Ag2S)
It is sulphide
reagent obs res
1. BaCL2 Whit ppt It is sulphite
2. Dil
H2SO4+K2Cr2O7
Green color is
formed
It is sulphite

18. 4. thiosulphate:





5. nitrite:


reagent obs res
1. Iodine ( I2) Decolorization
of iodine color
It is
thiosulphate
2. Pb(CH3COO)2 Whit ppt is
formed
It is
thiosulphate
reagent obs res
1. AgNo3 Whit ppt is
formed
It is nitrite
2. BaCL2 No ppt It is nitrite