IOT BASED AUTOMATIC BREAKING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EV VEHICLE AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Project / LIT, Palanchur

1. IOT BASED AUTOMATIC BREAKING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EV VEHICLE AND MONITORING SYSTEM Presented By: DHINAKARAN.K (210921105005 ) PRITHIVIRAJAN V(210921105023) VISHAL ANAND KUMAR S(210921105032)

2. In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention due to their sustainability and energy efficiency. However, ensuring safety and real-time monitoring in EVs remains a crucial challenge. This project proposes an IoT-Based Automatic Braking Control System for EVs integrated with a Monitoring System using ultrasonic, temperature, and voltage sensors with the Blynk application. The system utilizes an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and automatically activate the braking system to prevent collisions. A temperature sensor monitors the motor and battery temperature, ensuring optimal performance and preventing overheating. Additionally, a voltage sensor continuously tracks the battery voltage, providing real-time status updates to avoid sudden power loss. All sensor data is transmitted to the Blynk IoT platform, enabling users to monitor vehicle status remotely via a smartphone application. The proposed system enhances EV safety, prevents accidents, and ensures efficient battery health management. By integrating IoT-based monitoring and automatic braking, this solution contributes to the advancement of intelligent and safe electric vehicle technology. ABSTRACT LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

3. Enhanced Safety and Accident Prevention – The automatic braking system detects obstacles in real time and applies brakes instantly, reducing collision risks and improving overall road safety. Real-Time Battery Health Monitoring – The IoT-based system continuously tracks battery parameters such as voltage, temperature, and charge levels, ensuring optimal performance and preventing battery failures. Remote Monitoring and Alerts – Vehicle and battery data are transmitted to a cloud-based platform, allowing users and fleet operators to monitor system performance remotely and receive instant alerts on critical issues. Improved Energy Efficiency – The system ensures efficient braking and battery management, optimizing power consumption and extending the lifespan of the electric vehicle’s battery. ADVANTAGES LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

4. The proposed IoT-based Automatic Braking Control System for EV Vehicles and Monitoring System is designed to enhance road safety by integrating real-time obstacle detection and autonomous braking mechanisms with IoT-based monitoring. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles in the vehicle's path, triggering an automatic braking response through an Arduino-controlled actuator. Additionally, the system features a smart monitoring unit that collects and transmits vehicle battery data, and sensor readings, to a cloud-based platform via IoT (using NodeMCU or ESP32). This enables real-time remote monitoring and alerts for potential hazards, ensuring improved accident prevention and vehicle safety. The proposed system is particularly beneficial for electric vehicles, enhancing their autonomous capabilities while providing a smart, data-driven approach to vehicle safety and performance monitoring. PROPOSED SYSTEM LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

5. Arduino 328 Voltage sensor Ultrasonic sensor Temp sensor LCD Motor Buzzer Motor Driver Battery HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

6. Block diagram LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Arduino UNO is a microcontroller MCU platform with several I/O Pins for analog and digital operations as well as additional features like tiny memory storage. The Arduino UNO MCU's main component, the ATmega328, serves as the CPU unit. A member of the Arduino line is the Arduino UNO. One USB port on the Arduino UNO is utilized for power connections as well as uploading programming. Power connection choices include battery and main power. The pin diagram of Arduino configuration is displayed LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

8. An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to measure distance or detect objects without physical contact, by emitting sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the reflected waves to return The sensor emits a burst of ultrasonic sound waves (typically above 20 kHz, which is beyond human hearing).  These waves travel through the air and are reflected back by any object in their path.  The sensor measures the time it takes for the reflected waves (echoes) to return.  By knowing the speed of sound in air and the time it takes for the echo to return, the sensor calculates the distance to the object.  The formula used for distance calculation is: Distance = (Speed of sound) * (Time/2   WORKING Transducer:  This is the part of the sensor that both transmits and receives the ultrasonic waves.  Transmitter:  Generates the ultrasonic sound waves.  Receiver:  Detects the reflected sound waves.        HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

9. The  DS18B20 temperature sensor  is a one-wire digital temperature sensor. This means that it just requires one data line (and GND) to communicate with the Arduino. It can be powered by an external power supply or it can derive power from the data line (called “parasite mode”), which eliminates the need for an external power supply. Each DS18B20 temperature sensor has a unique 64-bit serial code. This allows you to wire multiple sensors to the same data wire. So, you can get temperature from multiple sensors using just one Arduino digital pin. DS18B20 Temperature Sensor Communicates over one-wire bus communication Power supply range: 3.0V to 5.5V Operating temperature range: -55ºC to +125ºC Accuracy +/-0.5 ºC (between the range -10ºC to 85ºC) LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

10. The ESP8266 is a low-cost, versatile Wi-Fi microcontroller chip used for connecting devices to a Wi-Fi network, enabling applications like IoT projects, smart home devices, and remote monitoring.  ESP8266 The Node MCU is an open-sourced program and hardware development environment based on the ESP8266, a relatively inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC). A WLAN 802.11 b/g/n antenna, a 32-bit microcontroller unit, a 10 bit analog to digital converter, a TR switch, a power amplifier, a matching network PLL, regulators, and power management components are all included into the device. In various operating modes, Wi-Fi technology uses the 2.4 GHz band to improve WLAN performance. LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

11. A Voltage sensors can measure the voltage in various ways, from measuring high voltages to detecting low current levels. These devices are essential for many applications, including industrial controls and power systems . Voltage sensors Voltage Sensor. The resistive voltage divider circuit serves as the foundation for the voltage sensor module, a 0–25 DC voltage detecting device. After being shrunk by a factor of 5, it generates an analog output voltage that is equivalent to the input voltage signal. A simple but incredibly useful item called the Voltage Sensor Chip multiplies an input voltage by five using a potential divide LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

12. The L298N chip contains two standard H-bridges capable of driving a pair of DC motors, making it ideal for building a two-wheeled robotic platform. The L298N motor driver has a supply range of 5V to 35V and is capable of 2A continuous current per channel, so it works very well with most of our DC motors The L298N module has 11 pins that allow it to communicate with the outside world. The pinout is as follows: L298N Motor Driver LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

13. BUZZER A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

14. Obstacle Detection & Braking : The ultrasonic sensor continuously scans for obstacles. If an object is detected within a predefined distance, the Arduino triggers the braking system via the motor driver, stopping the vehicle automatically. Battery Monitoring: The voltage and temperature sensors measure battery health parameters. The ESP8266 transmits this data to the Blynk app, enabling remote monitoring. IoT-Based Alerts: If the battery temperature exceeds a threshold or voltage drops too low, alerts are sent to the user’s smartphone via Blynk or MQTT. Logs of braking events and battery status are stored on a cloud database for analysis. WORKING PRINCIPLE LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

15. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: ARDUINO IDE – 1.8.5 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing. LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

16. EMBEDDED C: Embedded c is a set of language extension for the C Programming language by the C Standards committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded systems. Historically embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. Embedded C uses most of the syntax and semantics of standard C, e.g., main() function, variable definition, data type declaration, conditional statements(if, switch, case),loops(while, for),functions, arrays and strings, structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc. LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

17. An IoT platform manages the connectivity of the devices and allows developers to build new mobile software applications. It facilitates the collection of data from devices and enables business transformation. It connects different components, ensuring an uninterrupted flow of communication between the devices. To use Blynk for IoT, you'll need to create a Blynk account, choose a supported hardware platform (like ESP32 or Arduino), install the Blynk library, and then write code to connect your device to Blynk's cloud platform to control and monitor it remotely via the Blynk app.  The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices that can exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. IoT devices can include household objects, industrial tools, and even parts of the human body.  Blynk for IoT LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

18. Road traffic accidents claim a significant number of precious lives every day. The most frequent causes are driving errors and slow emergency service response. Any vehicle’s braking system is always a crucial component. A difficulty or perhaps an accident might be brought on by faulty or late braking. Most accidents occur because the driver doesn’t apply the brake quickly enough. This Project proposes an IOT-based automated breaking control system for EV vehicles and a monitoring system that applies the brake depending on the speed of the bike and any detected obstacles. An electric vehicle’s battery monitoring and control system measures the battery’s voltage and temperature. Sensors, a microprocessor, a Wi-Fi module, and a battery make up this system. The design is built using the cost-effective microcontroller (Arduino UNO). It is an automatic braking system consists of Ultrasonic sensor. The barrier is discovered using the ultrasonic sensor, which sends it to the Arduino board, which receives the signals and controls the braking system. Data on voltage and temperature are sent to the microcontroller, and the battery data is subsequently sent over Wi-Fi to the Blynk application. The observation is done immediately by utilizing a Blynk app to monitor the metrics of the vehicle. objective LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

19. 1.Jiaming Shen; Laili Wang; Jialei Zhang, Year: 2021, “Integrated Scheduling Strategy for Private Electric Vehicles and Electric Taxis”, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol: 17, no: 3, pp. 1637 – 1647. 2. Guodong Du; Yuan Zou; Xudong Zhang; Lingxiong Guo; Ningyuan Guo, Year: 2021, “Heuristic Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning With Accelerated Gradient Optimization”, in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol: 7, no: 4, pp. 2194 – 2208. 3. Daliang Shen; Dominik Karbowski; Aymeric Rousseau, Year: 2020, “A Minimum Principle-Based Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Eco-Driving of Electric Vehicles in Various Traffic and Road Conditions”, in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, Vol: 5, no: 4, pp. 725 – 737. 4. Lei Zhang; Yachao Wang; Zhenpo Wang, Year: 2019, “Robust Lateral Motion Control for In-Wheel Motor-Drive Electric Vehicles With Network Induced Delays”, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol: 68, no: 11, pp. 10585 – 10593. 5. Wenliang Zhang; Zhenpo Wang; Lars Drugge; Mikael Nybacka, Year: 2020, “Evaluating Model Predictive Path Following and Yaw Stability Controllers for Over-Actuated Autonomous ElectricVehicles”, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol: 69, no: 11, pp. 12807 – 12821. 6. Christoforos Chatzikomis; Aldo Sorniotti; Patrick Gruber; Mattia Zanchetta; Dan Willans; Bryn Balcombe, Year: 2018, “Comparison of Path Tracking and Torque-Vectoring Controllers for Autonomous Electric Vehicles”, in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, Vol: 3, no: 4, pp. 559 – 570. references LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY