IoT in Agriculture

Application of Internet of Things in Agriculture

1. The Internet of Things in Agriculture DISHANT JAMES PhD Scholar Dept. Agri . Extension, UAS(B)

2. OBJECTIVES To understand the concept of IoT . To know the applications of IoT in agriculture . To discuss the constraints for implementing IoT in Indian agricultural scenario. To review the case studies related to IoT in agriculture.

3. Internet Revolution

4. WHAT IS the INTERNET OF THINGS ? Kevin Ashton IoT

5. DEFINITION IoT is an environment where objects, animals or people are equipped with unique identifiers capable of data transmission over Internet network without the need for human-human or human-computer interaction -( Gluhak et al., 2011).

6. The Internet of Things ( IoT ) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

7. Structure of IoT

8. 1. Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs .

9. RFID- Radio Frequency Identification Widely used in Transport and Logistics Easy to deploy: RFID tags and RFID readers

10. 2. Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the environment.

11. SENSORS

12. 3.Shrinking Things : M iniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect with smart devices.

13. 4.Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet.

14. Efficient waste management in smart cities through IoT

15. IoT In Agriculture

16. Devices Soil moisture T emperature H umidity Wind Rain Weather conditions Motion sensors Light Senso r s Electric valves Lights Actuators Electric switches Cameras Other RFID tags for animal identification and monitoring Drones Air pollution (dust and pollution gases)

17. Applications of IoT in agriculture Live farm data

18. Applications of IoT in agriculture Monitoring soil moisture and temperature Controlled irrigation Efficient usage of inputs like water, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

19. Impact of IoT on irrigation

20. Field Connect

21. GREEN IQ

22. Applications of IoT in agriculture Reduced cost of production Connected greenhouses and stables Livestock monitoring

23. The Connected C ow! In the world of IoT , even the cows will be connected and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle. This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their movements. On average, each cow generates about 200 MB of information per year.

24. The Connected Tractor Smart, connected tractor + + + 2. Smart Tractor 1. Tractor

25. 5. System of systems F arm management system farm equipment system weather data system irrigation system seed optimizing system field sensors irrigation nodes irrigation application seed optimization application farm performance database seed database weather data application weather forecasts weather maps rain, humidity, temperature sensors farm equipment system planters tillers combine harvesters 4. Product system

26. Applications of IoT in agriculture Pest monitoring Storage monitoring Tracking farm products Prevention of illegal logging Mobile money transfer

27. IoT enables branchless banking services which is beneficial to rural farmers who have no access to banks within a reasonable distance.

28. Drones in Agriculture

29. Prerequisites for designing IoT models Robust Models: The characteristic features of agriculture sector such as diversity, complexity spatio -temporal variability, and uncertainties have to be considered in developing the right kinds of products and services. Scalability : The size of farms varies from small to large, and hence the solutions should be scalable. The architecture should be able to scale up incrementally with less overheads.

30. 3.Affordability : Affordability is the key to success. The cost has to be appropriate with substantial benefits. Standardized platforms, tools, products and services can bring the cost down with increased volumes. 4 . Sustainability: The issue of sustainability is vital because of intense economic pressure and fierce global competition.

31. Constraints for implementing IoT in Indian agricultural scenario Small , dispersed land holdings Complexity, scalability and affordability of the technologies Privacy and security concerns Internet connectivity and availability

32. Low awareness of IoT devices and systems among consumers Lack of investment and venture capital funds Environmental impact Influences human moral decision making

33. Strategies to familiarise IoT among Extension personnel

34. Role of Extension personnel in IoT farming Awareness creation activities. Skill trainings on use of sensors, analysis of data and decision making. Introduction of innovations.

35. Case studies

36. Case Study 1 Precision Agriculture through Internet of Things AMAN KUMAR AND ANOOP CHANDRA (2016) proposed a solution that involves digitizing agricultural metrics to build a crop recommendation system to assist the farmers in cultivating better crops.

37. This system makes use of concepts of Internet of Things and rule-based c lassification algorithms to predict the suitable crops according to the climatic factors such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture and soil nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium).

38. A farming set up is installed in the farms which transfers the data collected by the sensors to the server using a micro-controller. At the sever side, the data is processed using classification algorithms. The recommended crop details will be provided to the farmers via SMS or IVR

39. Figure : Block diagram of the system

40. Frequency table for agricultural metric

41. Data collected by the sensors

42. Case Study 2 Farmer slashes water consumption by 75 per cent Kurt Bantle , farmer and senior solution manager at Spirent Communications. He has 900 young avocado trees planted in his “back garden” in Southern California.

43. He decided to experiment into how avocados could be grown using less water through soil moist monitoring and automated irrigation . Bantle divided his farm into 22 irrigation blocks and inserted two soil moisture measurement units into each block. The units contain a LoRa unit for narrow-band data communication to a LoRa gateway which has broadband cellular uplink connectivity functionality.

44. All soil moisture data is collected from the avocado trees into a cloud and visualised by a presentation layer. When a tree needs to be watered, the solution turns the sprinklers on automatically to get the correct level of soil moisture for each tree. It then turns them off when the correct moisture levels are reached. The connected trees are monitored constantly day and night. The case study showed water usage reduction by 75 per cent.

45. Case Study 3 KISAN Project and Hailstorm App KISAN Project [C( K ) rop I nsurance using S pace technology A nd geoi N formatics ]  launched on 5 th October 2015,   by Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Balyan , Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare .

46. States covered: one District each of Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra during Kharif season of 2015 and two Districts each of these States during Rabi season of 2015-16 on pilot basis. The project envisages use of space technology and geoinformatics (GIS, GPS and Smartphone) technology along with high resolution data from UAV/Drone based imaging for delivering timely and accurate data on the state of agricultural crops.

47. Dr. Balyan also launched an Android App called ‘Hailstorm App’. It is designed by ISRO (National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad).  This App will help in real time data collection about hailstorm occurrences along with photographs and geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude).  The App will help Government to get real time data about the Hailstorms which will be collected through the Agriculture Department officials of different States.  This will support in deciding the crop loss more objectively and in a very fast manner. 

48. CONCLUSION