Iot Levels and Deployment Templates.doc

CSE IoT II year II sem

1. Iot Levels and Deployment Templates :
An IoT system comprises the following components: Device, Resource, Controller Service,
Database, Web service, Analysis Component and Application.
Device : An IoT device allows identification, remote sensing, remote monitoring capabilities.
Resource: Software components on the IoT device for
-accessing, processing and storing sensor information,
-controlling actuators connected to the device.
- enabling network access for the device.
Controller Service: Controller service is a native service that runs on the device and interacts
with the web services.
- It sends data from the device to the web service and receives commands from the application
(via web services) for controlling the device.
Database: Database can be either local or in the cloud and stores the data generated by the IoT
device.
Web Service: Web services serve as a link between the IoT device, application, database and
analysis components.
It can be implemented using HTTP and REST principles (REST service) or using the WebSocket
protocol (WebSocket service).
Analysis Component: Analysis Component is responsible for analyzing the IoT data and
generating results in a form that is easy for the user to understand.
Application: IoT applications provide an interface that the users can use to control and monitor
various aspects of the IoT system.
-Applications also allow users to view the system status and the processed data.
Following are the six different levels of IoT:
Level 1: In this level all the components are deployed locally. There is no any cloud or external
network involved in the process.
Sensors, routers, cloud components, application etc. all are at the user’s end. This standard is
good for those ecosystems where data is neither big nor varying. A uniform stream of data is
coming from a pre-set group of sensors and that is all happening in a simple way.
An example of Level 1 IoT is a smart home.
 An app is used to monitor in-home automation, a few home appliances, and lights.
 In a system with a single node IoT computer, lights, and/or other home appliances, a relay is
attached.
 A REST service is used to view and update the status of lights and appliances by altering
values in a local database.

2.  The controller service constantly tracks the database, keeps track of equipment, and activates
relay switches.
 The locally deployed framework offers a graphical user interface (GUI) from which the user
can control lights and other household appliances.



Level 2: In this level all the components are deployed locally except the servers. There is a cloud
or an external network involved in the process.
At the user’s end there are only sensors, routers and application. The cloud part is having the
servers configured for the purpose of storage and analysis. This standard is good for those
ecosystems where data is big. A huge amount of data is coming from many components in the
ecosystem and that too on a rapid speed.
An example of Level 2 IoT is a smart irrigation.

3.  A single node monitors soil moisture and controls the irrigation system.
 If the moisture level falls below the prescribed predefined threshold, the irrigation system is
enabled.
 An IoT system detects soil moisture, and the controller service tracks it and sends the data to
the cloud.
 Moisture levels are shown to users in an application, which can be used to create an irrigation
schedule.
 This level has a voluminous size of data. Hence cloud storage is used.
 Data analysis is carried out locally. Cloud is used for only storage purposes.



Level 3: In this level all the components are deployed locally except the servers and the network
connectivity part. There is a cloud or an external network involved in the process.
At the user’s end there are only sensors and application. The cloud part is having the essential
networks for connectivity and servers configured for the purpose of storage and analysis. This

4. standard is good for those ecosystems where data is big and varying. A huge amount of data is
coming from many components deployed in many ecosystems and that too on a rapid speed.
An example of Level 3 IoT is a package monitoring in a distribution system.
 The movements that occur to the package are reviewed here. If they exceed the threshold, an
alarm is triggered.
 To detect these movements, the IoT system has gyroscope and accelerometer sensors.
 The controller service uses Websocket API to send real-time data to the cloud, which is
useful in real-time applications due to its low overhead.
 A cloud-based WebSocket-based service retrieves real-time data from IoT devices and
stores it in a database.
 It retrieves it as required for analysis.
 The data is voluminous, i.e. large data, in this case. The data sensing frequency is high, and
the collected sensed data is stored on the cloud because it is large.
 Data is analyzed in the cloud, and control actions are activated using a mobile app or a web
app based on the results of the analysis.

5. Level 4: In this level also, all the components are deployed locally except the servers and the
network connectivity part. In some cases, sensors are also in the cloud.
At the user’s end there is only the application. The cloud part is having the essential networks for
connectivity and servers configured for the purpose of storage and analysis. This standard is
good for those ecosystems where data is big, varying and is coming from mobile sources.
An example of Level 4 IoT is a Noise Monitoring System .
 In this system, several nodes are dispatched in various locations to detect noise in a specific
region.
 Sound sensors are examples of Nodes/Devices in this context.
 Each Node/Device is self-contained, with its own controller service that delivers data to the
cloud for storage and processing.
 This level includes numerous sensors, data collection, and analysis, as well as a control and
monitoring app.

6. Level 5: IoT is very similar to Level 4 but with one major advancement. In level 5 IoT,
coordinator devices are also there in the local part of the ecosystem. A coordinator device
coordinates a certain set of sensing devices. There is an Observer Node also in the cloud part that
observes the entire process.


 Nodes/devices are mainly used to detect temperature, moisture, and CO2 levels in this kind of
system.
 So, what sensors could have been used properly must be clear to you? Fine! Fine! Here the
sensors are used for temperature, humidity, and CO2.
 These nodes detected the data, the coordinator node collects the data and the controller service
on the coordinator is migrated into the cloud.
 Node Coordinator serves as a portal to the IoT-based system and provides Internet access.
 Analytics module can be used to predict/generate results to the data stored in the cloud.
 The data collection and data analysis are performed at the cloud level.

7. Level 6: IoT is very similar to Level 5 but with one major advancement. In level 6 IoT,
coordinator devices are replaced by a single component Centralized Controller and that is there
in the cloud part of the ecosystem.
The example of a system of weather surveillance.
 Numerous temperature, humidity, stress, etc. sensors are contained in this system.
 These nodes are installed in various locations and are sent via the WebSocket-based API to
cloud-based storage in real-time.
 Any node update or changes are performed via the centralized controller.
 The analytics module is used to forecast/generate reports to the data stored on the cloud.

8. IoT Issues and Challenges Security
• Cyber Attacks, Data Theft Privacy
• Controlling access and ownership of data. InterOperability
• Integration Inflexibility Legality and Rights
• Data Protection laws be followed, Data Retention and destruction policies Economy and
Development
• Investment Incentives, Technical Skill Requirement