IOT WITH NODEMCU13231244425435465645.pptx

IOT WITH NODEMCU

1. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS WITH MICROPYTHON Mohammad asif ikbal [email protected]

2. WHAT IS AN iot ? 2 Start with a device (a “thing”)---anything beside a traditional computer

3. 3 + Add computational intelligence to improve the function of the device.

4. 4 + + Add a network connection to the device to further enhance its function

5. 5 Traditional Refrigerator Keep items cool doesn’t do much else

6. 6 “Intelligent” Refrigerator Tells you: when the door is ajar when the water filter needs replacement when you are low on butter when you buy foods with high fat content what recipes matches its content Enhanced functionality, but still not networked

7. 7 IoT Refrigerator Order food items, when stock is low Searched for lowest food prices Orders water filter when needed Anticipate your meal; Searches news sites for worldwide food price trends Provides consumption information to business for marketing purposes. Greatly Enhanced functionality, internet required.

8. Describe the meaning of embedded system Embedded System:- An embedded system is a system that has software embedded into computer-hardware , which makes a system dedicated for an application(s) or specific part of an application or product or part of a larger system. An embedded system is one that has a dedicated purpose software embedded in a computer hardware

9. Describe the meaning of embedded system Embedded System:- It is a dedicated computer based system for an application(s) or product. It may be an independent system or a part of large system. Its software usually embeds into a ROM (Read Only Memory) or flash.

10. Describe the meaning of embedded system Embedded System:- Embedded Systems are the electronic systems that contain a microprocessor or a microcontroller, but we do not think of them as computers– the computer is hidden or embedded in the system. - Todd D. Morton

11. Explain microcontroller as the heart of embedded system Microcontroller is an IC chip that takes input process data according to program written in its memory and gives output as control signal for controlling other machines and devices.

12. Explain microcontroller as the heart of embedded system A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC , uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

13. ESP 32 ESP8266

14. Unlike general purpose computing system, Embedded systems possess certain specific characteristics and these characteristics are unique to each Embedded system. Some of the characteristics of an embedded system are Application and Domain-specific Reactive and Real-time Operation in harsh environment Distributed systems Small size and weight Power concerns characteristics of embedded system

15. I. Application and Domain specific — An embedded system is designed for a specific purpose only. It will not do any other task. — Ex. A washing machine can only wash, it cannot cook — Certain embedded systems are specific to a domain: ex. A hearing aid is an application that belongs to the domain of signal processing. 2.Reactive and Real time — Certain Embedded systems are designed to react to the events that occur in the nearby environment. These events also occur real-time. — Ex. An air conditioner adjusts its mechanical parts as soon as it gets a signal from its sensors to increase or decrease the temperature when the user operates it using a remote control. — An embedded system uses Sensors to take inputs and has actuators to bring out the required functionality.

16. 4. Distributed systems — Certain embedded systems are part of a larger system and thus form components of a distributed system. — These components are independent of each other but have to work together for the larger system to function properly. — Ex. A car has many embedded systems controlled to its dash board. Each one is an independent embedded system yet the entire car can be said to function properly only if all the systems work together. 5.Small size and weight — An embedded system that is compact in size and has light weight will be desirable or more popular than one that is bulky and heavy. — Ex. Currently available cell phones. The cell phones that have the maximum features are popular but also their size and weight is an important characteristic

17. 6.Power concerns — It is desirable that the power utilization and heat dissipation of any embedded system be low. — If more heat is dissipated, then additional units like heat sinks or cooling fans need to be added to the circuit.

18. applications of embedded systems The  global positioning system (GPS)  uses satellites and receivers to synchronize location, velocity, and time data to provide a navigation system the world can use. GPS systems are commonly used in vehicles and mobile devices. All ‘receivers’ (devices that receive GPS data) are integrated with embedded systems to enable the use of the global positioning system. Cutting-edge medical devices with embedded systems are used for patients requiring constant monitoring. For instance, embedded sensors gather health data such as readings from implants, pulse rate, and heart rate. This data is then transmitted to a private cloud, where it can be reviewed automatically by an alert system or manually by a medical professional. Embedded systems in automotive applications enhance overall safety and user experience. Key examples of embedded systems in action are adaptive speed control, pedestrian recognition, car breakdown warning, merging assistance, airbag deployment, anti-lock braking system, and in-vehicle entertainment equipment. Factories today use robots in several processes that require high-precision tasks, operating in dangerous work conditions, or both. Typical automated jobs require robots to be fitted with sensors, actuators, and software that allow them to ‘perceive’ the environment and derive the required output efficiently and safely. Robots are equipped with embedded systems that link them to various subsystems to achieve this goal. Electric vehicle charging stations supply electric power to recharge the batteries of connected electric vehicles. Embedded systems are used in charging stations to provide computing power for graphics displays, automatically highlight technical issues, and alert technicians about upcoming maintenance requirements, among other functions. Finally, we have interactive self-service kiosks that offer users information and services in environments where a human employee’s presence is unfeasible. Think of a ticketing kiosk catering to moviegoers for a 2 a.m. screening at a mostly empty theater. Self-service kiosks come in various forms, from snack vending machines to refueling stations with self-checkout equipment. These kiosks can be found at airports, retail stores, hospitals, government buildings, and many other locations. Embedded systems provide the computing power required for these kiosks to offer customers an interactive experience. Automated fare collection solutions enable public transportation passengers to pay their fares through automated machines or even online without interacting with another human being. The automatic transit fare collection ecosystem consists of ticketing machines, magnetic stripe cards and smart cards for regular travelers, ticket and card checking machines, and automatic gate machines. All these components include embedded systems to enable them to communicate with each other and thus keep the mechanism operational.

19. Introduction to ESP32 boards overview of ESP32 boards ESP32 is created by  Espressif Systems  with a series of SoC (System on a Chip) and modules which are low cost with low power consumption. This new ESP32 is the successor to the well-known ESP8266(became very popular with its inbuilt WiFi ). ESP32 not only has Built in   WiFi  but also has  Bluetooth  and  Bluetooth Low Energy . In other words we can define ESP32 as “ESP8266 on Steroids”. ESP32 chip  ESP32-D0WDQ6  is based on a  Tensilica Xtensa LX6 dual core  microprocessor with an operating frequency of up to 240 MHz. The small ESP32 package has a high level of integrations such as: Antenna switches Balun to control RF Power amplifier Low noise reception amplifier Filters and power management modules On top of all that, it achieves very low power consumption through power saving features including  clock synchronization  and  multiple modes  of operation. The ESP32 chip’s  quiescent current is less than 5 μA  which makes it the ideal tool for your battery powered projects or  IoT applications  .

20. As already mentioned above that  ESP32  is the successor of  ESP8266,  Lets learn what are the differences between ESP32 and ESP8266 with their features and specifications below. ESP32 has an additional core compared to ESP8266 Faster  Wi-Fi Increased number of GPIO (input/output) pins Compatibility with  Bluetooth 4.2  and  Bluetooth low energy  ( low energy ). Additionally, the  ESP32  comes with touch-sensitive pins that can be used to “wake up” the  ESP32  from  deep sleep  mode  and a built-in Hall effect sensor. Although both boards are extremely cheap, the  ESP32  is slightly more expensive than ESP8266. ESP32 deserves it as it has more features than ESP8266. Difference between ESP32 and ESP8266

21. The ESP32’s ADC is a 12-bit ADC, which means it can detect 4096 (2^12) discrete analog levels. In other words, it will convert input voltages ranging from 0 to 3.3V (operating voltage) into integer values ranging from 0 to 4095. This results in a resolution of 3.3 volts / 4096 units, or 0.0008 volts (0.8 mV) per unit. Moreover, the ADC resolution and channel range can be set programmatically.

22. The ESP32 includes two 8-bit DAC channels for converting digital signals to true analog voltages. It can be used as a “digital potentiometer” to control analog devices. These DACs have an 8-bit resolution, which means that values ranging from 0 to 256 will be converted to an analog voltage ranging from 0 to 3.3V.

23. Touch Pins The ESP32 has 9 capacitive touch-sensing GPIOs. When a capacitive load (such as a human finger) is in close proximity to the GPIO, the ESP32 detects the change in capacitance. You can make a touch pad by attaching any conductive object to these pins, such as aluminum foil, conductive cloth, conductive paint, and so on. Because of the low-noise design and high sensitivity of the circuit, relatively small pads can be made. Additionally, these capacitive touch pins can be used to  wake the ESP32 from deep sleep .

24. I2C Pins The ESP32 has two I2C bus interfaces, but no dedicated I2C pins. Instead, it allows for flexible pin assignment, meaning any GPIO pin can be configured as I2C SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line). However, GPIO21 (SDA) and GPIO22 (SCL) are commonly used as the default I2C pins to make it easier for people using existing Arduino code, libraries, and sketches.

25. SPI Pins ESP32 features three SPIs (SPI, HSPI, and VSPI) in slave and master modes. These SPIs also support the general-purpose SPI features listed below: 4 timing modes of the SPI format transfer Up to 80 MHz and the divided clocks of 80 MHz Up to 64-Byte FIFO

26. UART Pins The ESP32 dev. board has three UART interfaces, UART0, UART1, and UART2, that support asynchronous communication (RS232 and RS485) and IrDA at up to 5 Mbps. UART0 pins are connected to the USB-to-Serial converter and are used for flashing and debugging. Therefore, the UART0 pins are not recommended for use. UART1 pins are reserved for the integrated flash memory chip. UART2, on the other hand, is a safe option for connecting to UART-devices such as GPS, fingerprint sensor, distance sensor, and so on. In addition, UART provides hardware management of the CTS and RTS signals and software flow control (XON and XOFF) as well.

27. PWM Pins The board has 21 channels (all GPIOs except input-only GPIOs) of PWM pins controlled by a PWM controller. The PWM output can be used for driving digital motors and LEDs. The PWM controller consists of PWM timers, the PWM operator and a dedicated capture sub-module. Each timer provides timing in synchronous or independent form, and each PWM operator generates a waveform for one PWM channel. The dedicated capture sub-module can accurately capture events with external timing.

28. Slide 32

29. THANK YOU