IP-CBSC_STD-11_Ch-1 COMPUTER SYSTEM.pptx

IP STD-11

1. Ch-1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Dayanand Arya Vedic Public School- Gandhidham STD-11 Informatics Practices

2. What is Computer? Computer is derived from ‘compute', which means to calculate. A computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of tasks by executing a given set of instruction.

3. A COMPUTER SYSTEM A Computer system is combination of hardware and software which processes data to convert it into a meaningful information . HARDWARE: to refers to all the physical components of a computer system. It includes all input devices, processing devices, storage devices and output devices. Ex. CPU, Motherboard SOFTWARE :It is set of programs which controls the internal operations of a computer and instructs a computer what to do. Ex. MS Word, UNIX

4. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

5. 4 ) Primary Memory: it is internal volatile memory where data and instructions are stored during processing 5 ) Secondary Memory: it is responsible for producing output.

6. Computer Organisation It refers to the logical structure of a computer describing how its components are connected to one another.

7. Input Unit (Input Devices)

8. Input Devices

9. Output Unit(Output Devices)

10. CPU (Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit: it is responsible for processing data and instructions. A) ALU: it is responsible for carrying out the arithmetic instruction(add, subtract, multiply, divide) and logical decision(>,<,=) B) Control Unit: it is responsible for controlling and supervising the processing. C) Registers

11. Memory( Main/Primary Memory) A bit is an elementary unit of the memory. 8 bits= 1 byte 4 bits = 1 nibble

12. Unit of Memory

13. MEMORY UNIT

14. The Storage Unit(Secondary Memory)

15. Evolution Of Computer

16. System BUS System bus is an electronic pathway composed of connecting cables and that connects the major components system. Data carrying part of system bus is data bus . Control instruction carrying part of system bus is called control bus . Memory address carrying part of system bus is called Address bus . A separate type of bus called I/O bus connects input, output and external devices to system.

17. Computer Systems and Data A) Data Capturing means inputting data to covert it into digital form so that it is usable to computer. B) Data Storage C) Data Retrieval refers to the process of obtaining stored data from a storage device and making it available to the CPU. Access time refers to the time taken to retrieve data from storage.

18. Software Hardware Physical and tangible components of the computer i.e components that be seen and touched. Input, output, storage devices. Software It represents the set of programs that govern the operation of a computer system and make the hardware run.

19. System Software

20. Operating System An operating system is a program which acts as an interface between a user and the hardware Major components of OS: Hardware OS Applications routines (compiler, language processors, device drivers, utilities programs) Human ware Example: Microsoft, Windows, Linux, MacOS , Android OS

21. Types of OS

22. Language Processor It is special type of computer software that can translate the source code into an object code or machine code. Source code: it refers the program code written by a programmer in high-level programming language such as C, Java, C++. Object Code: it refers to a code usually in machine language or binary code, a language that computer can understand easily and run on hardware.

23. System Utilities Utilities are those application program that assist the computer by performing housekeeping function like backing up disk or scanning/ cleaning viruses or arranging information. Commonly used Software Antivirus Software File Management Tools Compression Tools Disk Management Tools Disk Clean-up Tool Disk Defragmenter Tool Backup Utility.

24. Device Drivers Device Drivers are the programs that store instructions to drive and use different hardware and devices.

25. Application Software It is set of programs necessary to carry out operations for a specific application. Sub categories:

26. Proprietary and Free and Open Source Software