Iron Deficiency Disease

This slide deals about the most important bio-element -Iron
All its properties , functions and mainly about the deficiency diseases

1. IRON : Deficiency and Diseases NEELU MARIAM VARGHESE

2. INTRODUCTION Essential Bio element for most forms of life. Important for blood production. 70% of body’s iron is found in RBC(Hemoglobin & Myoglobin) Normal Range of Iron Males : 4gms Females :3.5gms Children :3 or less than 3 Daily normal diet contains 10-20 mg of Iron. Only about 10% of dietary iron is absorbed (1-2mg/day)

3. IMPORTANCE OF IRON REGULATION:: Cellular Respiration Oxygen Transport Toxicity

4. IRON ABSORPTION Occurs in duodenum only IRON TRANSPORT & STORAGE Iron transport Transferrin is the major protein responsible for transport Majority of non- heme Fe in plasma is bound to this Carries Fe from mucosal cell,storage pool in hepocytes and macrophages to RBC precussors in marrow. Iron storage Fe is stored in two forms: Ferritin & Hemosiderin Ferritin in hepocytes Hemosiderin in macrophage system.

5. Heme unit

6. Good sources of Iron Meat & Fish Eggs Pulses & Beans Nuts & Seeds Dried fruits Liver Dark green leafy vegetables

7. IRON DEFICIENCY & DISEASES

8. Condition resulting from too little iron in body . Sideropaenia or H ypoferrimia Most common nutritional deficiency Leading cause of A nemia . State of Fe deficiency occurs when loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by adequate intake of Iron from diet. Latent Iron Deficiency(LID) :Iron D eficient E rythropoiesis(IDE) :Medical condition of Iron deficiency without anemia.

9. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

10. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA Anemia : Condition in which our blood has a lower than normal number of RBC Iron is an essential mineral that is needed to form Hb ,an oxygen protein inside RBC. IDA – Condition in which body lack enough RBC to transport oxygen rich blood to body tissues. Without enough iron , the body uses up all the iron it has stored in liver, bone marrow and other organs. Once the stored Iron is depleted, the body is able to make very few RBC’s.

11. AT RISK GROUPS Infants Children under age 5 Children of school age Women of child bearing age

12. World Health Organisation (WHO) defines anemia as Hb<130 g/L in men older than 15 years 110 g/L in pregnant women <120 g/L in non pregnant women older than age 15 years

13. Iron D eficiency Anemia

14. CAUSES OF IRON DEFICIENCY Blood loss Poor diet An inability to absorb enough Iron from food Pregnancy

15. Blood loss Blood lost causes iron depletion. In womens , long or heavy menustration or bleeding fibroids in the uterus. Childbirth Slow chronic blood loss :peptic ulcer,hiatal hernia,colorectal cancer Gastrointestinal bleeding. Poor Diet Low Iron intake(especially on pregnancy &childhood) Iron rich foods( Meat,Leafy vegetables etc.)

16. Inability to absorb enough iron Body is unable to absorb iron if you have intestinal surgery or a disease of the intestine. Prescription medicines that reduce acid in the stomach also can interfere with iron adsorption. Pregnancy In pregnant womens , iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of Hb for growing Fetus.

17. Clinical presentation I ron deficiency anemia can cause Brittle nails Cracks in the sides of the mouth

18. Extreme fatigue(tiredness ) C hest pain

19. Pale skin Dizziness

20. Headache Shortness of breath Cold hands and feet Irritability An enlarged spleen Swelling or soreness of tongue. Some people who have IDA develops Restless L egs S yndrome(RLS) .RLS is a disorder that causes a strong urge to move the legs

21. Complications Growth problems Problems with growth and development in children. Angina(Chest Pain) R apid and irregular heart beat Heart Failure. Problems during pregnancy P remature birth Low birth weight babies Increase maternal and fetal mortality.

22. Treatment of IDA Iron supplementation Dietary education Choose Iron rich food Choose food containing Vitamin C to enhance iron absorption.

23. REFERENCES Espanel C,Kafando E,Herault B,Petit A,Herault O,et.al (2007) Iron deficiency aneamia:clinical presentation,biological diagonosis and management.Transfus Clin Biol 21-24 Goddard AF,James MW,McINtyre AS,Scott BB (2011) Guidelines for the management of Iron deficiency Anemia.Gut 60:1309-1316 World Health Organisation (2001) Iron deficiency aneamia:assesment,prevention and control.Nutrition,USA

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