Is World Becoming Peacefuuuuuuuuuul.pptx

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1. Is World Becoming Peaceful

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSlAeM05MxA

3. Things are getting better? World is becoming more peaceful? Nuclear weapons? What about New W ars?

4. Things are getting better thesis Steven Pinker, The Better Angels Of Our Nature: The Decline of Violence and Its Causes , 2011. Human Security Report Project: http://www.hsrgroup.org/human-security-reports/human-security-report.aspx

5. Peace? How do we define Peace? What is Peace? No universally accepted definition of peace. Mere absence of War? Or complete absence of violence, and cooperation?

6. Peace According to Johan Galtung Positive peace and Negative Peace. P ositive peace is not just absence of war, it is actually absence of indirect violence and presence of harmony, equity and justice etc. (is it practically possible to attain?) Negative peace is the absence of violence and absence of war. Have we obtained positive peace? (World is getting more peaceful?)

7. Peace and Violence According to Johan Galtung - negative peace (structural violence) - positive peace: the elimination of patterns of structural violence Galtung (1969): ‘ V iolence is present when human beings are being influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realisations are below their potentia l realisations’

8. Peace and Violence According to Johan Galtung Structural violence: average life expectancy in UK in 2011: 81 years A verage life expectancy in Sierra Leone in 2012: 45/46 years 1990: Developed concept of cultural violence ‘those aspects of culture …that can be used to justify or legitimate direct or structural violence’ A violent culture ‘preaches, teaches, admonishes , seeing exploitation and/or repression as normal or natural’

9. World is G etting B etter The world was more violent in the past. M ost of the people has forgotten more violent past and are criticizing less violent present. Pinker is of the view that such people are far from reality because primitive human societies were far more violent than present world. According to Pinker if we look at the statistics of death caused by war in primitive societies and the death caused by war in present civilized world than we can see a decline in violence.

10. Homicide rates in Western Europe Source: Pinker, 2011

11. World is Getting Better According to Pinker (2011) this decline is the outcome of five major trends. Pacification process. Civilizing process Humanitarian revolution Long peace New peace.

12. World is Getting Better T ransformation of hunter-gatherer societies into nation-state agricultural societies. Rapid urbanization, boom of secularization, abolition of slavery, elimination of torture, reduction in inhumane and cruel practices. D ecline in great power wars and international conflicts and the emergence of new peace. A ccording to Pinker all these things played a major role in declining violence overall.

13. Pinker Rise of the state (pacification) 2. Feminization Greater role for women Increased salience of ‘female’ values Decline in ‘genocide’: abortion of female babies. 3. Expanding circle of sympathy (e.g. as a result of literacy and modern communications) 4. The escalator of reason (e.g. move from tribalism, authority and purity in moral systems to humanism, classical liberalism, autonomy and human rights)

14. World is Getting Better According to other proponents of the concept “World is getting more peaceful” Ethnic war is declining, an era of long peace has established after World War II A nd big wars between developed states had nearly become obsolete

15. World is Getting Better There is also a concept that despite all the bad news of wars, collateral damage and failed peacemaking efforts. T here is a good news that more wars are ending and fewer are starting and there is a decline in armed conflict worldwide (Goldstein 2011). We are winning the wars on war and due to active roles of UN and UN peacekeepers there is a clear cut decline in armed conflict worldwide

16. 1980-2010: 41% real terms fall in global arms exports Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. at constant (1990) prices

17. World is becoming less Peaceful P rimitive human societies were not war as war like and as violent as Pinker proposed. Scholars are not satisfied by the sampling criteria of Pinker. They criticized that Pinker mentioned eight primitive societies which he named as hunter-gatherer and tried to present the whole primitive hunter-gatherer society with the data of this small proportion.

18. World Military Expenditure 2001-10 2001 2005 2010 % s hare 2010 % increase 2001-10 World 1044 1294 1569 100 50% USA 379 553 687 44% 81% P5 554 770 972 62% 75% NATO countries combined 669 858 1005 64% 75% OECD countries 776 962 1119 71% 44% World Milex per capita 121 172 236 95% Source: SIPRI Yearbook, 2011, Table 4A.2, pp. 194-5

19. 2000-2010: 35% real terms increase 2000-10 Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. at constant (1990) prices

20. World is becoming less Peaceful Evidence collected by archaeologists suggest that war was simply absent in the majority of pre human history. Pinker didn’t take into account the dark side of the enlightenment due to which mass murder took place in history. Pinker did not pay much attention on the terror of nuclear weapons due to which major powers are reluctant to go into war with each other .

21. World is becoming less Peaceful Death of non combatants is increasing at a higher pace in present world era which is usually not counted as war death. W ars are not declining or abolishing whether wars are changing their form? W ith every passing year the world is becoming less peaceful and it is also affecting global economy with an average of $1350pp.

22. World is becoming less Peaceful In present world there is a dilemma of fewer wars and in the same way less peace. Wars are declining but violence is still present due to the intrastate conflicts and these intrastate conflicts are caused by the proxies of great power. According to Institute for economics and peace (IEP) report nearly more than 500 million people in present world are living at risk.

23. What About? Terrorism? Intra-state conflicts? Presence of nuclear weapons? Iraq? Afghanistan? Yemen? Syria? Myanmar/Burma? Drone Attacks?

24. What About? Proxy Wars? More sophisticated weapons seem to be less brutal but causes more deaths?