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1. Welcomes You To One Shot Series For ICSE 2023

2. Students Pain Point Your Host Agnita Dutta M.A. In English 6+ years of teaching experience

3. Students Pain Point Flow of Session Topics Discussions

4. Students Pain Point Topic Geography ( Pollution – types, sources, effects and preventive measures)

5. Students Pain Point Syllabus POLLUTION: Types and Sources of pollution - Air pollution, water pollution, Soil pollution, Radiation pollution, Noise pollution Effects of different types of pollution on human health Bhopal Gas tragedy Chernobyl Disaster Preventive measures

6. Students Pain Point A Basic Intro Pollution: Introduction Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants , the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

7. Students Pain Point Types and Sources: Types Detail/Pollutants involved Air pollution ·         Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. ·         Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, and pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles ·         Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles Water pollution ·         Water pollution occurs when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed . Common pollutants include discharges of untreated sewage, and chemical contaminants, release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters, groundwater pollution from waste disposal and leaching into the ground Soil pollution ·         It is the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem ·         The  contaminants include metals, inorganic ions and salts (e.g. phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates), and many organic compounds (such as lipids, proteins, DNA, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, PAHs, alcohols, etc.).

8. Students Pain Point Types and Sources:  Noise pollution ·         Noise pollution happens when the sound coming from planes, industry or other sources reaches harmful levels. WHO Noise Environmental Burden on Disease working group found that noise pollution may contribute to hundreds of thousands of deaths per year by increasing the rates of coronary heart disease ·         Underwater noise pollution coming from ships has been shown to upset whales’ navigation systems and kill other species that depend on the natural underwater world Radiation pollution Some of the most important air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, VOCs, and airborne particles with radioactive pollutants. Combustion of fossil fuels produces extremely high levels of air pollution and is a main area now in focus for control.

9. Students Pain Point Sources of pollution: Substances that may cause pollution are: The main potentially-polluting nutrients in relation to water are nitrogen, ammonia (a gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen), phosphorus and sulphur. They arise from the natural breakdown of crop residues and soil organic matter, rainfall, fertilisers, urine and manure, silage, landfill sites, wastewater and industrial effluents, power generation and other fuel-burning activities. Pesticides include herbicides, insecticides and fungicides that are used in gardens, in agriculture, in roadside and trackside (railway) maintenance, and in parkland and golf courses. Heavy metals are widely-used ingredients for chemical compounds used in industry. They also exist naturally in soils at low concentrations. They can be found in fuel, chemicals, waste materials and batteries.

10. Students Pain Point Effects of pollution: Air pollution : “ Air Pollution is the release of pollutants such as gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that is harmful to human health and the environment.” Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects plants, animals and humans drastically.

11. Students Pain Point Effects of air pollution on human health: Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and heart diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have increased in the last few decades. Children living near polluted areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and Sulphur oxides in the air. The water droplets combine with these pollutants, become acidic and fall as acid rain which damages human, animal and plant life. The release of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is the major cause of depletion of the ozone layer. The depleting ozone layer does not prevent the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun and causes skin diseases and eye problems among individuals .

12. Students Pain Point Water pollution Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and aquifers get contaminated with industrial and agricultural effluents. One of the primary  causes of water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by toxic chemicals. 

13. Students Pain Point Effects of water pollution on human health: Water bodies in the vicinity of urban areas are extremely polluted. This is the result of dumping garbage and toxic chemicals by industrial and commercial establishments. Water pollution drastically affects aquatic life. It affects their metabolism, and behavior, and causes illness and eventual death. Dioxin is a chemical that causes a lot of problems from reproduction to uncontrolled cell growth or cancer. This chemical is bioaccumulated in fish, chicken and meat. Chemicals such as this travel up the food chain before entering the human body. The effect of water pollution can have a huge impact on the food chain. It disrupts the food chain. Poor drinking water treatment and unfit water can always cause an outbreak of  infectious diseases  such as cholera, etc.

14. Students Pain Point Soil pollution and its effects on human health: Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem. In the case of contaminants which occur naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high enough to pose a risk, soil pollution is still said to occur if the levels of the contaminants in soil exceed the levels that should naturally be present. Effects of soil pollution on human health: The contamination of soil has a major consequence on human health. Crops and plants that are grown on polluted soil absorb most of the pollution and then pass them to humans. Living, working, or playing in contaminated soil can lead to respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and other health problems. Diseases caused by soil pollution include Irritation of the skin and the eyes, Headaches, nausea, vomiting, Coughing, pain in the chest, and wheezing.

15. Students Pain Point Radioactive or Radiation pollution: Radioactive pollution is defined as the deposition or introduction of radioactive substances into the environment, where their presence is unintended, or the levels of radioactivity are undesirable. Such type of pollution is harmful to life due to the emission of ionizing radiation. This type of radiation is potent enough to cause damage to  tissues  and DNA in genes.

16. Students Pain Point Effects of radiation pollution on human health: When it comes to genes and genetics, radiation has negative consequences. It causes DNA strand damage, which leads to genetic disintegration over time. The degree of genetic mutation leading to changes in DNA composition varies depending on the amount and type of radiation one has been exposed to. As a result of the mutation, one is extremely vulnerable to cancer. Children born to pregnant women suffer birth abnormalities caused by genetic mutations, such as low weight during birth. Our health is severely harmed by radioactive pollution. Acute radiation syndrome is a rare condition that is one of the most deadly side effects of radioactive pollution. Radiation can also cause cancer, which is by far the most common side effect.

17. Students Pain Point Noise pollution Noise pollution, or sound  pollution , is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them are harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.

18. Students Pain Point Effects of noise pollution on human health: Noise pollution can be hazardous to human health in the following ways: Hypertension: It is a direct result of noise pollution which is caused due to elevated blood levels for a longer duration. Hearing loss: Constant exposure of human ears to loud noise that are beyond the range of sound that human ears can withstand damages the eardrums, resulting in loss of hearing. Sleeping disorders: Lack of sleep might result in fatigue and low energy level throughout the day affecting everyday activities. Noise pollution hampers the sleep cycles leading to irritation and an uncomfortable state of mind. Cardiovascular issues: Heart-related problems such as blood pressure level, stress and cardiovascular diseases might come up in a normal person and a person suffering from any of these diseases might feel a sudden shoot up in the level.

19. Students Pain Point Bhopal Gas Tragedy Bhopal disaster , chemical leak in 1984 in the city of  Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh state,  India . At the time, it was called the worst industrial accident in history. On December 3, 1984, about 45 tons of the dangerous gas methyl isocyanate escaped from an  insecticide  plant that was owned by the Indian subsidiary of the American firm  Union Carbide Corporation . The gas drifted over the densely populated neighborhoods around the plant, killing thousands of people immediately and creating a panic as tens of thousands of others attempted to flee Bhopal. The final death toll was estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000. Some half a million survivors suffered respiratory problems, eye irritation or blindness, and other maladies resulting from exposure to the toxic gas; many were awarded compensation of a few hundred dollars. 

20. Students Pain Point Chernobyl Disaster: The Chernobyl disaster was a  nuclear accident   that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4  reactor  in the  Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant , near the city of  Pripyat  i n the north of the  Ukrainian SSR  in the  Soviet Union . [1]  It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the  International Nuclear Event Scale , the other being the 2011  Fukushima nuclear disaster  in  Japan . The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the environment, with the deposition of radioactive materials in many parts of Europe. Two Chernobyl plant workers died due to the explosion on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation syndrome. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation has concluded that, apart from some 5000 thyroid cancers (resulting in 15 fatalities), "there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure 20 years after the accident."

21. Students Pain Point Preventive measures of pollution:

22. Students Pain Point Thank You