ISO 2709

ISO 2709

1. ISO 2709 Presented BY SHUVRA GHOSH Roll – 07 Course: MLIS Department of Library and Information Science GUIDED BY: Prof. Subarna Kumar Das

2. INTRODUCTION ISO is International Organization for Standardization. ISO 2709 is an international format for information interchange. It is the world’s largest developer and publisher of international standards. ISO gives world class specifications for products, services and systems, to ensure quality, safety and efficiency. International Standards make things work. They are instrumental in facilitating international trade .

3. History and development of ISO 1946, delegates from 25 countries met in London and decided to create a new international organization, of which the object would be "to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards". The new organization, ISO, officially began operations on 23 February 1947, in Geneva, Switzerland.

4. What are Standards? standard is a technical document designed to be used as a rule, guideline or definition. It is a consensus-built, repeatable way of doing something. A standard is an agreed way of doing something. It could be about making a product, managing a process, delivering a service or supplying materials – standards can cover a huge range of activities undertaken by organizations and used by their customers.

5. How does ISO develop standards An ISO standard is developed by a panel of experts, within a technical committee . Once the need for a standard has been established, these experts meet to discuss and negotiate a draft standard. As soon as a draft has been developed it is shared with ISO’s members who are asked to comment and vote on it. If a consensus is reached the draft becomes an ISO standard, if not it goes back to the technical committee for further edits.

6. What is Standard Organization? A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization (SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are intended to address the needs of some relatively wide base of affected adopters. Standards organizations can be classified by their role, position, and the extent of their influence on the local, national, regional, and global standardization arena.

7. Standardization process A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Here are some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status : PWI - Preliminary Work Item NP or NWIP - New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007) AWI - Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14 )

8. WD - Working Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC WD 27032) CD - Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5) FCD - Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12) DIS - Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC DIS 14297) FDIS - Final Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC FDIS 27003) PRF - Proof of a new International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC PRF 18018) IS - International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)

9. Major purpose of Standardization To permit exchange of bibliographic records between groups of libraries and abstracting and indexing service. To permit a bibliographic agency to manipulate bibliographic records received from both libraries and abstracting and indexing services. To serve as the basis of a format for an agency’s own bibliographic database by providing a list of useful data elements. To assist the development of individual system.

10. ISO 2709 It is an international format for information interchange. It was developed for the exchange of bibliographic record on magnetic tapes. The records describe all forms of material capable of bibliographic description as well as other type of records. Describes a generalized structure, a frame work designed specially for communications between data processing systems.

11. Bibliographic format & data They are the formats which are used to describe the arrangement or structure of computer readable record of bibliographic data. Bibliographical data commonly contain Fields: Different fields of bibliographic data are title, name of author, subject, edition, publication data, physical description of the book, notes, standard numbers (ISBN, ISSN etc.)

12. History & development ISO was first created as ANSI/ NISO standard Z39.2, one of the first standard for Information Technology, and called Information Interchange format. Developed by Henriette Avram in late 1960’s. First version was published in 1973. Revised and second edition was published in 1981. Latest version is ISO 2709: 2008

13. OBJECTIVES OF ISO 2709 To permit the exchange of bibliographic records between groups of libraries and abstracting and indexing Services . To permit a bibliographic agency to manipulate bibliographic records received from both libraries and abstracting and indexing services . To serve as the basis of a format for an agency’s own bibliographic database by providing a list of useful data elements. To assist the development of individual systems .

14. STRUCTURE OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The general structure of a bibliographic record consists of four major parts : Record label Directory Data fields Record separator

15. BASIC STRUCTURE Record label—the first 24 characters of the record. This is the only portion of the record that is fixed in length. The record label includes the record length and the base address of the data contained in the record. It also has data elements that indicate how many characters are used for indicators and subfield identifiers. (See Variable fields, below) Directory—the directory provides the entry positions to the fields in the record, along with the field tags. A directory entry has four parts and cannot exceed nine characters in length Data fields (Variable fields)—a string containing all field and subfield data in the record Record separator—a single character (IS3 of ISO 646) Note that although tags are often displayed as labels on bibliographic fields and each bibliographic field has an associated tag, the tags are stored in the directory not in the bibliographic field.

16. Record label Contains data that identify to the system, the type of record contains necessary for the processing of the record such as the total number of characters length in the record and the length of various element of record. 24 characters fixed length field to every record. Contains various subunits and each have values according to the record.

17. No. Label Character 1. RECORD LENGTH 5 2. RECORD STATUS 1 3 BLANK 1 4. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL 1 5 BLANK 2 6. INDICATOR LENGTH 1 7. SUBFIELD IDENTIFIER LENGTH 1 8. BASE ADDRESS OF DATA 5 9. BLANK 3 10 BLANK 1 11. LENGTH OF ‘STARTING CHARACTER POSITION IN EACH DIRECTORY ENTRY 1 12 LENGTH OF ‘IMPLIMENTATION-DEFINED’ SECTION OF EACH DIRECTORY ENTRY 1 13 BLANK 1

18. Directory Contains ‘content designator’ for each data field followed by an indication of the position in the record where the data relating to that field start and the length of the field. If a field is repeated, it has two entries in the directory, one for each appearance. Each directory entry corresponds to an occurrence of a data field in the record, and is divided into five parts: TAG LENGTH OF DATA FIELD , STARTING CHARACTER POSITION SEGMENT IDENTIFIER , OCCURANCE IDENTIFIER

19. Tag : A three character code identifying the data field which corresponds to the directory entry . Length of Data field : A four-digit number showing how many characters are occupied the data field, including indicators and data field separator but excluding the record separator code if the data field is the last field in the record . Staring Character Position : A five-digit number giving the position of the first character of data field relative to the base address of data, i.e. the first character of the first of the data field . Segment Identifier : A single character (chosen from 0-9 and/or A-Z) which designates the data field as being a member of particular segment . Occurrence Identifier: A single character (chosen from 0-9 and A-Z) which differentiates multiple occurrences of the data fields that carry the same within the same record segment

20. DATA FIELD A variable length portion of the particular category of data associated with one entry in the directory. A data field may contain one or more sub field. The last components are the form and content of the data elements, varies according to the ‘cataloguing rules’ used as well as according to the way the different data element prescribed by the rules and divided up and separately identified by the format.

21. Data Field Structure

22. Record separator The record separator is the final character of the record. It follows the field separator of the final data field of the record. A single character

23. Example of Label 00101a_m-2200067_452 _ [24 character] The characters in the example label indicate the following in the sequence: 00101 =total number of characters in the records a =record status (here it indicates that it is a new record) - =Blank space (one) m =bibliographical level:monograph -- = Blank space (two) 22 =indication that the data in each field other than ‘001’ begin with a two –character indicator and each subfield begins with a two character indicator and each subfield begins with a two character identifier. 00067 = length if the label and director: the first character of the record is numbered 0, and therefore the label and the directory extend from character position 0-66, and the data start at character position 67. --- =blank space (three) 452 = indication that the sound, third and fourth elements of each entry in the directory consist of four, five, and two characters respectively. The first element, i.e., the tag, always consist of three characters in any implementation of ISO 2709, and is therefore not indicated. - = Blank space (one )

24. Example of Directory 001000700000**200001000023**300001600007**#   The directory consists of an entry for each of the fields present in the record (three in case).The characters in the example directory indicate the following (in sequence).   01 =tag for the first field 0007 =length of the field 00000 =starting character position ** =occurrence of the field and the number of the segment containing the field (not used here) 200 =tag for the second field 0010 =length of the field 00023 =starting character position ** =occurrence of the field and the number of the segment containing the field (not used here) 300 =tag for the third field 0016 =length of the field 00007 =starting character position ** =occurrence of the field and the number of the segment containing the field (here not used) # =end of directory  

25. Example of Data Field A12345#00@AJones@BJohn#00@AFruit#% The characters in the example data field indicate the following (in sequence) A12345 =data # =field separator 00 =indicator @A =subfield identifier Jones =data @B =subfield identifier John =data # =field separator 00 =indicator @A = subfield identifier Fruit = data # = field separator % =record separator

26. Example

27. Content designator Represented in most bibliographic formats by Tags Indicators Subfield codes Different agencies have theirs own content designators It is possible to convert the content designators automatically in order to convert data from one format to another

28. Tags: Three digit numeric value used as identifier known as tag. Indicators: Indicators, where they are used, appear at the beginning of each field in the data portion of the record. Subfield Codes: 1.Subfield Identifier – A characters preceding with a subfield code. For example, ‘$’ sign is used as subfield identifier in UNIMARC 2.Subfield Code – A character preceding and identifying a subfield. For example, subfield ‘a’ is title proper in the ‘title and statement of responsibility’

29. Scope This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed especially for communications between data processing systems and not for use as a processing format within systems As an ISO 2709 based MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data is designed to be a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, continuing resources, visual materials, and mixed materials

30. Books (BK) - used for printed, electronic, manuscript and microform textual material that is monographic in nature . Continuing resources (CR) - used for printed, electronic, manuscript, and microform textual material that is issued in parts with a recurring pattern of publication (e.g., periodicals, newspapers, yearbooks ). Computer files (CF) - used for computer software, numeric data, computer-oriented multimedia, online systems or services. Other classes of electronic resources are coded for their most significant aspect. Material may be monographic or serial in nature . Maps (MP) - used for all types of printed, electronic, manuscript, and microform cartographic materials, including atlases, sheet maps, and globes. Material may be monographic or serial in nature .

31. Music (MU) - used for printed, electronic, manuscript, and microform music, as well as musical sound recordings, and non-musical sound recordings. Material may be monographic or serial in nature . Visual materials (VM) - used for projected media, non-projected media, two- dimensional graphics, three-dimensional artefacts or naturally occurring objects, and kits. Material may be monographic or serial in nature . Mixed materials (MX) - used primarily for archival and manuscript collections of a mixture of forms of material. Material may be monographic or serial in nature .

32. ADVANTAGES OF ISO 2709 It provides a small number of mandatory data elements, which are recognized by all sectors of the information community as essential in order to identify an item. It gives mandatory data elements that are sufficiently flexible to accommodate varying descriptive practices. It also provides a number of optional elements, which may be useful to describe an item according to practices of the agency, which creates the record. It provides a mechanism for linking records and segments of records without imposing on the originating agency any uniform practice regarding the treatment of related groups of records or data elements.

33. ISO2709 and MARC ISO 2709 (ISO, 1996) provides the framework for MARC, and this is visible in the MARC formats’ use of three-character field codes, the use of indicators, and the use of sub-field codes . ISO 2709 and MARC formats can be used for data types other than bibliographic data . ISO 2709 is obviously made in XML, but offers only some of the advantages inherent in XML. Certainly, XML is a mainstream technology, but it is still the MARC format with fields, sub-fields and indicators that is embedded in the record.

34.   ISO 2709 and Copy Cataloguing Copy cataloguing is a process of cataloguing items using pre-catalogued machine readable records . The process of copy cataloguing : Search for the bibliographic record in bibliographic databases that allow copy cataloguing; If record is available in database, download the record in ISO 2709 format; . Add local information such as class number, book number, bar code and local notes; Validate record. Save the record in the database of the LMS software.

35. Conclusion During the last 25+ years, a radical change has occurred in the mechanism for transfer of bibliographic data. The current situation is both success and failure; success, because millions of records structured according to IS0 2709 are now available for exchange. Some national formats, for example USMARC, have become virtually international. IS0 2709 will remain as a universally recognised standard for MARC. MARC is a set of codes defining the data dements of a record in automated systems. It is estimated that MARC and other exchange formats will continue for some time. As long as organisations wish to exchange record or derive bibliographic data from central agencies, and until computer technologists devise cost effective and relatively simple ways of transferring bibliographic data in different formats between systems, exchange formats remain necessary.

36. References Chowdhury , G.G. (2007).Organizing Information. Facet Pub. ISO (n.d). Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https ://www.iso.org/home.html ISO-2709. (n.d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 10, 2018 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-2709 Chandrakar, R. and Others. (2004). Standards for Creating Bibliographic Databases in Indian Academic Libraries under INFLIBNET Umbrella. Retrieved October 10, 2018 from http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/1944/423 What is standard. (2018). Retrieved October 10, 2018 from https://www.bsigroup.com/en-IN/Standards/Information-about-standards/What-is-a-standard/ Converting bibliographic records into ISO 2709. (2018). Retrieved October 10, 2018 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51995146_Converting_bibliographic_records_into_ISO_2709_format_Access_Presentation

37. Thank you