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1. By Assist.Lect.
JiyanS.Sulaiman
Basic Concepts of
Information Technology
2022-2023
LESSON 1

2. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 2
Lesson Objectives:
Information Technology (IT)
Computer System .
Component of Computer.
Types of Computer .

3. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 3
Information Technology
(IT)
*A set of tools that are used to:
Receive, process, store, print and
transmit information in an electrical
form through computers. These
forms can be: text, sound, picture or
video.

4. iselectronicmachineinformation
thatacceptsinformation(data)
,processesitaccordingtospecific
instruction,andprovidestheresultsas
newinformation.
weuseditindifferentdepartments
andorganization,Theycanbe
connectedallovertheworld.
Computer

5. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 5
C Commonly
O Operating
M Machine
P Particularly
U Used For
T Technical
E Educational
R Research

6. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 6
COMPUTER BINARY LANGUAGE
*Computer understands only binary language.
It accepts data in 0,1.
*A binary code is a way of representing text or
computer processor instructions by the use of
the binary number system's two-binary digits
0 and 1.

7. 1.Computer takes data as input.
2.It stores the data/instruction in its memory
and uses them when required.
3.It Process Data and converts it into useful
information.
4.It generates the output of the given input by
the users.
ComputersPerformfourMain
Operations:-

8. The components of computer system are: -
1.Hardware .
2.Software.
3.Data.
4.Users.
*Computer system

9. 1.Hardware: Refers to the physical components of a
computer. These are the parts that you can see, feel and
hear. Examples (CPU, keyboard, monitor, mouse, scanner,
printer and case).
2. Software : Refers to the programs that control the
computer and make it function. Examples( Ward
processing, computer games, & Graphics programs).
3.Data:is collection of raw facts and figures that is need to
be processed for information or for the collection of details,
it may be text, number ,audio, image or video.
4.Users :A person who uses the software on the computer
to do some tasks.
Basic Concepts of Information Technology 9

10. Computersareclassifiedaccordingtotheresize,capacityand
performances:-
1)Super computers.
2)Mainframes .
3)Mini computer.
4)Laptop computers.
5)Palmtop computers (Notepad).
6)Network computer (NC).
Types Of Computer

11. 1) Super Computers :-
Basic Concepts of Information Technology 11
Large scientific and research laboratories as well
as the government organizations have extra ordinary
demand for processing data which required tremendous
processing speed, memory and other services which may
not be provided with any other category to meet their
needs. Therefore, very large computers used are called
Super Computers. These computers are extremely
expensive, and the speed is measured in billions of
instructions per seconds.
So, this type of computer are used in weather forecasting,
Research, oil exploration, and aircraft design.

12. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 12
1) Super Computers
Advantage:
*speed
Disadvantage:
*Generate a large amount of the
heat during operation.

14. 2) Mainframes computer:-
Basic Concepts of Information Technology 14
Room-sized ,expensive ,very powerful ,large storage
capacities and occupy special air-conditioned rooms .
They are used in banks, government departments and
large organizations. they are connected to a large number
of terminals that could be Dumb { can not operate on
their own }; or Intelligent Terminals; part of processing ,
and input ,outputs .
Use by:
•large companies including banks.
•Airline reservation.
•Big university with thousands of enrollment.

15. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 15
2) MainframesComputer:-
Characteristics:
*Bigger in size than minicomputers.
*Very expensive.
*Difficult to use.
*Support a few hundred users simultaneously (multi-user).
*Have to be kept in a special air conditioned room.
Advantage:
*Support many users and instructions.
*Large memory.
Disadvantage:
*Huge size.
*Expensive

17. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 17
3) Mini computer
It is amidsize multiprocessing computer. It consists of two or more processors
and can support4 to 200 users at one time. Mini computers are used in
institutes and departments for tasks such as billing, accounting and inventory
management. A minicomputerlies between the mainframe and
microcomputeras it is smaller than mainframe but larger than a
microcomputer.
Characteristics:
*It is light weight that makes it easy to carry and fit anywhere.
*It is less expensive than mainframe computers.
*It is very fast compared to its size.
*It remains charged for a long time
*Multi-user
*Difficult to use.
Use by:
College,libraries,bank,smallbusinesses.

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3) Mini computer
Advantage:
*Cater to multiple users.
*Lower costs than mainframes.
Disadvantage:
*Large
*Bulky .

19. Mini computer
Basic Concepts of Information Technology 19

20. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 20
4) Laptop computer:
Itissmall,briefcase–sizedandportable.ithas
asmallscreenandasmallkeyboard.manytimeit
isapowerfulasPCbutmoreexpensive.Laptops
arefoldedshutfortransportation,andthusare
suitableformobileuse.Theyaresonamed
becausetheycanbepracticallyplacedona
person'slapwhenbeingused..
Useby:Businessusers,peopleonthemove,
educationalusers.

21. Characteristics of a Laptob
*It is the smallest in size among all types of computers.
*A limited number of software can be used.
*It is designed for personal work and applications.
Only one user can work at a time.
*It is less expansive and easy to use.
*It does not require the user to have special skills or
training to use it.
*It is capable of multitasking such as printing,
scanning, browsing, watching videos, etc.
Basic Concepts of Information Technology 21

23. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 23
5) Palmtop computer:
Itisahand-heldcomputers,whichiscalleda
Notepad.Ithasasmallscreenandkeyboard.it
performssomespecialfunctionandis
consideredtobecheap.Itisverysimpleto
usedforsendandreceiveemail,faxes,write
memosandtokeepanappointmentcalendar,
wordprocessor,spreadsheet.
TypicalUsers:Mostlybusinessusers.

25. Basic Concepts of Information Technology 25
6) Network computer :
AlargePC-typecomputercalledaserverisconnected
tosmallerPCscalledclientsorterminals.Aclientsisa
monitorwithakeyboardandsmallboxes,whichis
containstheCPUandmainmemory.Theclientdoes
nothaveanydiskdrive,harddisk–thereforeitis
unabletoworkindependently.Aclientsdownloads
applicationanddatafromtheserverintoitsmain
memory.Thenanychanges,whicharemade,willbe
storedintheserver.
Useby:networkwouldbeusedbymediumtolarge
organizations,schools,hotels,officesuites,etc.

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