IWRM Presentation Slides 1.pptxIWRM This unit is intended to provide skills and attitudes intended to execute tasks in water resources management

IWRM This unit is intended to provide skills and attitudes intended to execute tasks in water resources management

1. WRM 3341: Integrated Water Resources Management: An Introduction Presented by: John Waweru jwaweru@kewi. or .ke

2. Objectives To provide an introduction on key principles and themes of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). To show IWRM’s key linkages to development and to addressing poverty reduction, water and health, and water and food (SDGs). To enable application of IWRM principles for awareness raising and capacity building in advising decision makers.

3. Local, Regional, National, Fluvial, Global Ancient 1200 A.D. 1900 1990s Future Community Basic management of water quantity Sectoral management of water quantity and quality institutional fragmentation spatial fragmentation local co-ordination Integrated multifunctional use river basin as unit institutionalised cooperation Multi-level Comprehensive Governance

4. Before we start…. The basis of IWRM is that different uses of water are interdependent Integrated management means that all the different uses of water resources are considered together

5. WATER CYCLE

6. About Water …. A “Single” Resource – has no substitute A Limited Resource A Scarce Resource (or is it?) Has Social, Economic, and Environmental Value (social and environment are recent)

7. A Unique Resource Every organism, individual, and ecosystem on the planet depends on water for survival. Water impacts all aspects of life on the planet Poor water management and water shortages can lead to disease, malnutrition, reduced economic growth, social instability, conflict, and environmental disaster.

8. The Global Water Budget Global Water 97% Seawater 3% Freshwater Global Freshwater 87% Not Accessible Accessible 0.4% of global

9. Driving forces on water resources Population growth : demands for more water and producing more waste water and pollution Urbanization : migration from rural to urban areas which increases the current level of difficulty in water delivery and waste water treatment Economic growth : mainly in developing countries with large populations contributes to increased demand for economic activities Globalization of trade : production is relocated to “labor-cheap” areas that takes place without consideration for water resources Climate variability : more intense floods and droughts increase vulnerability of people Climate change : increase uncertainty about water cycle regimes

10. Global Water Scarcity Less than t***** ***2 **** person per year. Between 1000 end 2‹¥t0 m’ jzer person per year. Grea%r than 2000 m” per pe rson per ysar.

11. The Water Scene Resources are scarce Demands are outstripping supplies Environmental/Ecological issues are serious Policy and institutional issues are complicated Current approach is sectoral and fragmented Financing is poor and options are expensive

12. Where Are We Headed? Decreasing per-capita availability Degrading water quality Increasing competition/conflict within sectors and within society Urban versus agriculture Haves versus have nots Upstream versus downstream National versus international Increasing competition/conflict with the environment

13. Demand Sectors Water for People – safe and reliable drinking water supply, as well as sanitation. Water for Food Production – irrigation, wastewater reuse, and flood management Water for Nature – rainwater infiltration, groundwater recharge, river flow and aquatic ecosystems maintenance Water for Industry – manufacturing, cooling systems and liquid waste disposal Water for Emergencies – fire control and drought relief

14. Water as a Global Issue Water crisis has steadily moved up the global agenda The process is driven by water-related health impacts, rapid industrialization, water security, and awakening environmental consciousness

15. The Paradigm Shift The Dublin principles (1992) Water is a single, finite resource Water management and development should include stakeholders Water is an economic good Women play a central role in management and conservation of water The Dublin Principles have served as guide for the global water dialogue

16. Key Water Challenges and Needs Integrated management of water Water resources economics Political economy of water Water supply and sanitation services Irrigation/drainage NRM and environment Water pricing and cost recovery Water entitlement and rights Water users empowerment Sharing of water and its benefits Cooperation and conflict resolution Energy

17. The concept of sustainable water resources management Three key concepts include: Sustainability-Sustainability is a concept that describes a dynamic condition of complex systems, particularly the biosphere of Earth and the human socioeconomic systems within it Sustainable development-Sustainable development is a program of action, a set of principles and ways of thinking about patterns of human activity that can be derived from the concept of sustainability and from our knowledge of how the world works. The importance of feedback in achieving sustainability.

18. How Can These Concepts Be Applied to Water Resources Management? Water is essential to life and the life processes of all living things. It is thus a primary basis for sustaining life on Earth. The global water cycle and the factors that affect the flow of water on and within the Earth’s crust provide a natural capacity to supply water.

19. SDGs … a starting point Goal 1: No poverty Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities Goal 2: Zero hunger Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Goal 3: Good health and well-being Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 4: Quality Education Goal 14: Life Below Water Goal 5: Gender Equity Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation Goal 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy Goal 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Goal 10: Reduced Inequality

20. Key Water Challenges and Needs Ad hoc Economic Analysis -- Single Project or Basin Multi-Objective Planning Comprehensive Multi-Purpose River Basin Planning and Management Strategic Planning and Implementation through IWRM

21. The Water Balancing Act

22. Integrated Water Resources Management A systematic process for managing water, land and related resources in a way that meets society’s long term need for water while ensuring that economic and social welfare are not compromised and that there is no harm to the environment. A coordinating framework for integrating and implementing sectoral needs, water and water related policy, resource allocation, and management of natural resources and environmental systems; within the context of social, economic, and environmental development objectives.

23. IWRM is about: Managing water resources at the lowest possible level. Managing demand for water and optimizing the supply. Providing equitable access to water resources by a participatory approach. Establishing policies to help manage water resources. An empirical concept which is built up from the on-the-ground experience of practitioners, A flexible approach to water management that can adapt to diverse national and local contexts, thus it is not a scientific theory that needs to be proved or disproved by scholars. and (but) It requires policy-makers to make judgments about which set of suggestions, reform measures, management tools and institutional arrangements are most appropriate in a particular cultural, social, political, economic and environmental context.

24. Why IWRM? Globally accepted and makes good sense. Key element in national water policy. Incorporates social and environmental considerations directly into policy and decision making. Directly involves the stakeholders. Is a tool for optimizing investments under tight financing climate.

25. Principles of IWRM Freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development, and the environment. Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners, and policymakers at all levels Women play a central part in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water. Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good

26. IWRM Principles Women play a central part in the provision, management and safe-guarding of water

27. IWRM Principles Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good as well as social good Water is becoming scarcer and its value rising Recognition that costs should be borne by those who benefit Source: The Economist

28. IWRM Principles Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.

29. IWRM Principles Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.

30. Difficult to ensure “active involvement” 50 decision 200 work 2 000 participation 200 000 information 2 500 000 population How to make it?

31. Schematic of the IWRM Process

32. IWRM can be characterized as: A process, not a product Scale independent - applies at all levels of development A tool for self assessment and program evaluation A tool for policy, planning, and management A mechanism for evaluating competing demands, resource allocation, and tradeoffs

33. IWRM in Practice A. Enabling Environment Policies Legislative Framework Financing and Incentive Structures B. Institutional Mechanism Institutional Framework Institutional Capacity Building C. Management Instruments Water Resources Assessments Planning for IWRM Demand Management Social Change Instruments Economic Instruments Information and Communications

34. Dimensions of IWRM Infrastructure for management of floods and droughts, multipurpose storage, water quality and source protection Policy/ Institutional framework Managements instruments Political economy of water management Integrated Water Resources Management Water supply & sanitation Irrigation & drainage Energy Environ- mental services Other uses including industry and navigation GWP

35. Water Governance The GWP defines Water Governance as the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources and the delivery of water services at different levels of society. It is really the traditions and institutions by which authority is exercised in a country. Governance deals with who is really in charge and how power is used to decide who gets what and when.

36. The Water Resources Development Process: Sectoral (or Use) Approach Feedback (water uses) Sectors Activity Institutions M anagement Objectives Policy/Inst. Framework

37. Barriers to IWRM Willingness to change - Domestic water, sanitation, agricultural water, etc. Are divided over a several government departments, often with little collaboration. Lack of tools and systems for integration – The challenge is finding effective tools and processes to achieve greater coordination and cooperation without incurring such high transaction costs that the entire process becomes wasteful. A lack of both policy and the personnel to implement it. Conflict between decentralization and the desire to maintain central power and influence. The difficulty of getting the different sectors to interact meaningfully for the common good.

38. Influencing Change ( Critical elements for successful IWRM approach) Advocacy Policy Subsidiarity Institutional development Participatory management Political will (at highest possible level) Knowledge (not science alone, but through multi-sector sources of information and expertise) Institutional arrangements (start with existing institutions, but (re)-define mandates clearly) Community involvement (it takes time to put it in place and it is a long-term, investment) Economic prosperity (difficult to manage without financial support; it is not only direct project funding; it is about mobilization of whole range of economic and financial incentives)

39. Summary about IWRM: what we have learnt IWRM is linked to sustainable development IWRM is not a one-size-fits-all prescription and cannot be applied as a checklist of actions IWRM is not a prescription but an iterative process and an adaptive approach IWRM implementation must reflect country priorities Water management will not be successful if it is set up as a stand-alone system of governance IWRM includes both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ components

40. Lessons from IWRM in practice IWRM is a means not an end. None of the successful case studies analysed set out to achieve IWRM. Rather they set out to solve particular water-related problems or achieve development goals by looking at water holistically within larger physical and development contexts. IWRM Equity Sustainability Efficiency