IX. Economics. Chapter 2. People as resource

CBSE class 9 economics chapter no 2

1. CLASS 9
ECONOMICS
CHAPTER NO.2
PEOPLE AS RESOURCE

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Human as Resource
3. Stories of Sakal & Vilas
5. Quality of Population
6. Unemployment
4. Economic Activities
7. Employment Scenario

3. •'People as Resource' is a way to relate to the working
people of a country with respect to their current
functional skills and abilities.
•Human resources is not a liability but an asset to the
economy.
•The population becomes human capital when
investment in the form of education, training, and health
care is made.
•Human capital, in essence, is the stock of skill and
productive knowledge embodied within it.
INTRODUCTION

4. Humancapital

5. HUMANRESOURCE
•People who are part of the workforce are called human
resource.
•By contributing in productivity, the human resource plays a
significant role in the economy of a country.
•Any other resource becomes useful only because of the
input by the humanresource.
•Investment in human capital yields a return like investment
in other resources.
•Investment in human capital is done through education,
trainingand healthcare.
•A person with better education usually earns better than
an uneducatedperson.
•Moreover, a healthy person is moreproductive.

6. EDUCATION
TRAINING HEALTHCARE
Investment in
Human
resource

7. GREEN REVOLUTION Vs. IT REVOLUTION
•Input of greater knowledge
in the form of improved
production technologies
rapidly increase the
productivity of scarce land
resources
•Human capital has come to
acquire a higher position
than that of material, plant
and machinery

8. DEVELOPED
HUMAN
RESOURCE
Higher
Income
Advantages
to society
Superior to
other
resources

9. •Uneducated
•Forced to sell fish
•Patient of arthritis
•Unskilled
•Lower income
•Lower productivity
•Educated
•Got a job
•Healthy
•Skilled
•Higher income
•Higher productivity
STORIES OF SAKAL & VILAS
VilasSakal

12. •Educated parents understand the value of education
and hence invest in their child’s education to secure a
better future forthechild.
•Educated parents also take extra careof the health and
nutrition of their child. This creates a virtuous cycle of
creating a better human capital.
•Uneducated parents are unable to invest on education
and healthcare of their children. This creates a vicious
cycle in which the coming generation is often forced to
remain poor.

13. ECONOMICACTIVITIES
Economic activitiescanbe categorized into three types ;
Primary
activities
ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
Secondary
activities
Tertiary
activities

14. 1.PrimaryActivities:
Economic activities which are related to
agriculture, poultry farming, fishing,
horticulture, animal husbandry, mining,
quarrying, etc. are called primary activities.
Natural resources are just extracted in
primaryactivities.

15. •Manufacturing and quarryingis
includedinthesecondarysector.
•Naturalresourcesareproperlymodified
insecondaryactivity.
2. Secondary Activities:

16. •Itconsistsofallserviceoccupations
andhelpinthedevelopmentof
primaryandsecondarysectors.
•Theseactivitiesaddvaluetothe
nationalincome.
•Alsoknownaseconomicactivities
•Example:Transport,communication,
trade,education,banking,etc.
3. Tertiary Activities:

17. MARKETACTIVITIES
When some product or service is produced to be
sold in the market, it is called marketactivity.

18. •When some product or service is
produced for self consumption, it
is called non-market activity.
•If a farmer produces just enough
to meet his family needs, then his
activity is a non-marketactivity.
•Similarly, the work of a housewife
is a non-market activity; because
she is working for the benefit of
her familymembers.
NON MARKETACTIVITIES

19. •When women enter the labour market, they are paid for
their work.
•Their earnings are calculated on the basis of education
and ability, much like that of their male counterpart.
•Most women are under-educated and have low skills
training, and therefore women are paid low compared to
men.
•Most women do work where there is no job security.
Why are women employed in low paid work?

20. Less Income More Income Less Income More Income

21. QUALITY Of POPULATION
Literacy rate, health and skills determine the quality of a
population.
Illiterate and unhealthy population can be a liabilityfor the
economy.
Literate and healthy population can be made into an asset
for the economy.
Literate and healthy population contributes towards GDP of
a country.

22. EDUCATION
•Educationdefines the literacy level and skill level of a
person.
•It also helps in enrichingthe culture of the society.
•Presence of educated persons in the society indirectly
benefits the illiterate persons aswell.
•Government has taken various steps to spread education
among the people.
•Governmentstrives to provide universal access to education.
•It also makes various plans to increase the retention of
students. Special emphasis is given on girl’s education.

23. Literacy Rates in India

25. •JawaharNavodayaVidyalayas
(JNVs) are a system of alternate
schools for gifted students in India.
•They are run by NavodayaVidyalaya
Samiti, New Delhi, under the Ministry
of Human Resource Development,
Department of Education,
Government of India.
•JNVs are fully residential and co-educational
schools affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, with classes
from VI-XII class.
•JNVs are specifically tasked with finding talented
children in rural areas of India and providing
them with good quality education.
•JNVs exist all over India.
•There are approximately 598 JNVs across India
(one school per district)
NavodayaVidyalayas

26. •The plan outlay on education in the first plan was Rs. 151
crore. It has increased toRs.43,825 crore in the tenth plan. The
expenditure on education was 0.64% of the GDP in 1950-51
and has increased to 3.98% of the GDP in2002-03.
•Due to constant efforts, the literacy rate has grown from 18% in
1951 to more than 70% in 2011.
•Literacy rate is higher among males compared to among
females.
•Kerala is a state with more than 90% literacy, while some states
have a very low literacylevel.
Budgetary Estimate

27. SARVA SHIKSHAABHIYAN
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), is an Indian Government
programme aimed at the universalisation of elementary
education "in a time bound manner", as mandated by the 86th
amendment to the Constitution of India making free and
compulsory education to children of ages 6–14 (estimated to be
205 million in number in 2001) a fundamental right. The
programme was pioneered by AtalBihariVajpayee.

28. PRESENT GOALSOF
SARVA SHIKSHAABHIYAN
Its goals of 2015 wereto:
•Open new schools in areas which do not have them and
to expand existing school infrastructures and
maintenance.
•Address inadequate teacher numbers, and provide
training a development for existing teachers.
•Providequalityelementaryeducationincludinglifeskillswith
aspecialfocusontheeducationofgirlsandchildrenwith
specialneedsaswellascomputereducation

29. •Governmentprovides Mid-Day Mealin government schools so
that children of poor people can attend the school.
•Objectives:
1.To encourage attendance & retention of children
2.Improve their nutritional status.
3.Aims at increasing the literacy rate.
•Mid-day Meal has helped many children from the poor family to
attendschool.
MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME

30. •The Tenth Plan has focused on increasing the enrolment in
higher education from 6% to 9%.
•The strategy is to increase access, quality and adoption of
state-specific curriculum to motivate enrolment in higher
education.
•Vocational courses are also offered and use of Information
Technology is being maximized to attain the goal.
•The Tenth Plan also focuses on distant education,
convergence of formal, non-formal and ITeducation.

32. HEALTH
•A healthy person can fully realize his potential and can be an
assetfor the economy.
•An unhealthy person shall not be able to realize his potential
and can be a liability for the economy. The national health
policy of India is aimed towards improving access to health
servicesand improving nutrition; especially among the
underprivilegedclasses.
Liability Asset

34. •The government health system is composed of many tiers
of hospitals. The Primary Health Centres (PHC) are the
bottom of this tier, andprovide general medical care to
ruralpeople.
•This is followed by Community Health Centersin bigger
Tehsils or Block level towns.
•The District Hospitals are at districtlevel.
•Further, Medical colleges are present in major cities where
doctors of all specialties are present.
GOVT. HEAL TH SYSTEM

36. UNEMPLOYMENT
When a person is actively seeking a
job but is unable to get employed,
he is called an unemployed person.
People in the working age (15 to 59
years) only can be termed
unemployed if any one of them is
without a gainful employment.
Additionally, if a person voluntarily
does not want to work he cannot
be termed asunemployed.

37. Unemployment
Urban Rural
Educated DisguisedSeasonal

39. EducatedUnemployed
Very high in urban areas.
Evenhighly educated youths; like
graduates and postgraduates; are
unable to find a job.
Many analysts say thatit is
because of demand supplygap.
While many technically qualified
people are unemployed, there are
many jobs remainingvacant
because of lack of proper training
of the individuals.
Faulty education system, mass output, preference for white collar
jobs, lack of employable skills and dwindling formal salaried jobs
are mainly responsible for unemployment among educated
youths in India.

40. SeasonalUnemployment
•This type of unemployment is more prevalent in rural
areas.
•People dependent on agriculture usually face this.
•The farming cycle is seasonbased.
•There are certain months which are quite busy for a farm
worker.
•There are many other months when a farm worker is
without awork.

41. Hidden/disguisedUnemployment
•This type of unemployment is also more prevalent in rural
areas.
•To understand this, let us take the example of a family with 8
working members. All of them are working on their farm. The
sizeof thefarm makes it possible to be efficiently managed
by 5 persons only. The extra three persons are not
contributing towards any growth in productivity. They are
working because they have no other gainful employment.
•Their potential could have given better results if utilized
elsewhere.
•Similar situation can also be seen in some family owned
shops where all the family members may be working in the
same shop butnot adding substantially to theoutput.

42. Effects ofUnemployment
Wastage of manpower resource.
Increases economic overload.
Unemployment can be emotionally draining on the
unemployedperson.
It can be a financial and emotional drain on his family
members.
A large number of unemployed people is ultimately a
liabilityfor thesociety.
High rate of unemployment can also increase the crimerate.

43. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the
economy.
In recent years, there has been a decline in the
dependence of agriculture partly because of disguised
unemployment, as discussed earlier.
Some of the surplus labour in agriculture has moved to
either the secondary or the tertiary sectors.
Small scale industry is the most labour absorbing in
secondary sector.
EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO
In case of tertiary
sector, various new
services like
biotechnology, IT
are now appearing.

44. Self employment comes under the
primary sector

45. THANK YOU