JAINISM AND EDUCATION.pptx

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1. JAINISM Presented By Satyabrata Dash Parosparopagraho Jivanam ( T he function of souls is to help one another) Souls render service to one another

2. BIOGRAPHY Mahavira also known as Vardhaman, was the 24th tirthankara of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd tirthankara Parsvanatha . Founder –Rishavdev (Adinath) Born in Kundagram (dist.- Muzaffarpur , BH) IN 540 BC FATHER- King SIDDHARTH( Head of jnatrika clan) MOTHER-Queen TRISHLA (Sister of prince chetak of Vaishali) Married to – Yasodha Daughter- Priyadarsana ( whose husband Jamali became his first disciple) At the age of 30 his parents passed away and he became ascetic. In the 13 year(At 42 years) of his asceticism on the 10 th day of Vaisakha, he attained kaivalya (supreme knowledge) which was outside the town of Jimbhikgrama under sal tree His first sermon was held at Pava vithulanchal parbat (in rajgiri ,magadh, BH) After that he was called with Mahavira and jains (his followers) At the age of 72, he attained death which is at Pavapuri near Patna in 468 BC .

3. Vardhaman Mahavir Jainism is an ancient religion that is rooted in the philosophy that teaches the way to liberation and a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined nonviolence to all living creatures. Lord Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last Jain Tirthankara according to the Jain philosophy. A Tirthankara is an enlightened soul who is born as a human being and attains perfection through intense meditation. For a Jain, Lord Mahavira is no less than God and his philosophy is like the Bible. Born as Vardhaman Mahavir, he later came to be known as Bhagavan Mahaveer. At the age of 30, Vardhaman left his home in pursuit of spiritual awakening, and for the next twelve-and-a-half years, he practiced severe meditation and penance, after which he became omniscient. After achieving Kevala Jnana, he travelled throughout the Indian subcontinent to teach Jain philosophy for the next 30 years.

4. JAINISM – Philosophy , A way of life and A Religion “Live and Let Live” The word ‘Jain’ is derived from  jina  or  jaina  which means the  ‘Conqueror’ Jainism is one of the oldest living religions of the world. It is independent and not a branch or off shoot of any religion. Its contribution to Indian Philosophy in particular and to the world thought of non violence, Truth and Peaceful Co‐existence is significant and of great value .

5. Nine Tattvas (Principles) 1. Jiva soul or living being (Consciousness)- All living beings are called Jivas . Jivas have consciousness known as the soul, which is also called the atma (soul – chetan ). The soul and body are two different entities. The soul can not be reproduced. It is described as a sort of energy which is indestructible, invisible, and shapeless. Jainism divides jivas into five categories ranging from one-sensed beings to five-sensed beings. The body is merely a home for the soul. At the time of death, the soul leaves the body to occupy a new one. Tirthankaras have said that the soul has an infinite capacity to know and perceive. This capacity of the soul is not experienced in its present state, because of accumulated karmas. 2. Ajiva -non-living substances - Anything that is not a soul is called ajiva. Ajiva does not have consciousness 3. Asrava - cause of the influx of karma ( Asrava may be described as attraction in the soul toward sense objects) - The influx of Karman particles to the soul is known as asrav . It is caused by wrong belief, vow lessness (observing no vows), passions, negligence, and psychophysical activities. Such an influx of karmas is facilitated by mental, verbal, or physical activities. 4. Bandh- bondage of karma- This refers to the actual binding of karman particles to the soul. Bandh occurs, when we react to any situation with a sense of attachment.

6. 5. Punya- virtue means providing food or other items to the needy people, doing charity work, propagating religion, etc. When punya matures, it brings forth worldly comfort and happiness. Digambar consider “Punya” as part of Asrava. 6. Papa- sin By undertaking bad activities, we acquire pap or bad karmas. Such activities are: being cruel or violent, showing disrespect to parents or teachers, being angry or greedy and showing arrogance 7. Samvara- arrest of the influx of karma - This is the process by which the influx of Karman particles is stopped. 8. Nirjara -exhaustion of the accumulated karma 9. Moksha- total liberation from karma- w hen we get rid of all the karmas, we attain liberation or moksha

7. 24 Tirthankaras (Spiritual Teacher)

8. AIMS OF EDUCATION Jain system recommended liberation as the ultimate aim of education . To build the character of the individual To enable the individual to acquire values To enable the individual to attain salvation To enable the individual to detach from the worldly desires. ( ସାଂସାରିକ ଇଚ୍ଛା | ) To develop the personality of the individual. To develop the personality of the individual. To enable the individual to attain salvation.

9. Ranakpur Jain Temple, Rajasthan

10. 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES WAY TO NIRVANA

11. 5 basic vows 5 main Teaching 1. Nonviolence (Ahimsa) - not to cause harm to any living beings  2. Truthfulness (Satya) - to speak the harmless truth only  3. Non-stealing (Asteya) - not to take anything 4. Chastity (Brahmacharya) - not to indulge in sensual pleasure  5.Non-possession/Non-attachment (Aparigraha) - complete detachment from people, places, and material things.

12. Ahimsa (Non-violence)  –  Ahimsa parmo dharma  – Non-violence is the supreme religion. Non-violence is the cornerstone of Jainism, no living being has the right to injure, harm or kill any other living being including animals, plants and even insects. Satya (Truth)  – There is no place for lies in Jainism, one should always speak up the truth and only those who have conquered greed, fear, jealousy, anger, ego and frivolity can speak the truth. Achaurya or Asteya (Non-stealing)  – Jainism is against stealing/grabbing property by unjust/immoral methods. Even while accepting help, aid, alms one should not take more than what is required. Brahmacharya (Celibacy, Chastity – this vow was added by Mahavira)  – Celibacy refers to the total refraining from sensual pleasures. Even the thought of sensual pleasure is prohibited in Jainism. Monks are required to observe this vow completely while the general laity following Jainism should not indulge in any physical relationship other than with one’s own spouse and that too of limited nature. Aparigraha (Non-attachment/Non-possession)  – One who seeks spiritual liberation should withdraw from all attachments to objects that please any of the five senses. Mahavira has said that “wants and desires have no end, and only the sky is the limit for them”. The wealth which a common man desires to attain creates attachment which will continuously result in greed, jealousy, selfishness, ego, hatred, violence, etc.

13. TYPES/SECTIONS Of JAIN 1. SHVETAMBARAS - The monks of this section Wear white clothes and do not follow the rules Strictly. They Consider Mahavir swami married. 2. DIGAMBAR - The monks of this section doesn’t Wear clothes and follow the rules of Jainism Strictly and they consider Mahavir swami as balbramhachari .

14. Daily Life Of A Jain Code of Conduct for Monks & Nuns (stricter) Code for Laymen and Laywomen Vegetarianism & Non-Violent Practices No Silk, Leather, Animal Products Simplicity of Lifestyle, Non-Materialism Meditation and Introspection Forgiveness is a Moral Doctrine Compassion, Charity & Community Service Preservation of the Environment Jainism is the World’s Only Religion Emphasizing the Environment.

15. The sacred literature of Svetambara's is written in a form of Prakrit, called Ardhamagadhi and may be classified as follows- (i) 12 Angas (ii) 12 Upangas (iii) 10 Parikarnas (iv) 6 Chhedasutras (v) 4 Malasutras (vi) 2 Sutra Granthas 14 Purvas is the oldest text of Mahavira’’s preaching Besides this the important Jain texts are- Kalpa Sutra (in Sanskrit) by Bhadrabahu , Bhadrabahu charita , Parishishta parvan (an appendix of trishasthis Halak purush ) by Hemchndra .

16. ADMISSION SYSTEM The system of co-education, and women's education were the other important aspects.

17. CENTERS OF LEARNING Mathas , Asramas were constructed for the jain munis and acharyas.They became the centre of learning.

18. CURRICULUM Social Science, Moral Science and vocational education Curriculum should include the provision for attainment of Tri- Ratnas . Curriculum should include subjects which teaches non-violence.

19. METHODS OF TEACHING Experimental Method Project method Debate Discussion Lecture Question –Answer

20. DISCIPLINE Individual is responsible for his own actions. Self-discipline Meditation

21. EXAMINATION SYSTEM It was Completely Oral One.

22. Life Style

23. Literature and Language Jains literature exists mainly in  Jain Prakrit, Sanskrit, Marathi, Tamil, Rajasthani, Dhundari, Marwari, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, and more recently in English . Jains have contributed to India's classical and popular literature.

24. ROLE OF THE TEACHER Regarded as Gods. To teach the students non-violence ( ଅହିଂସା ) To help the students to attain liberation ( ମୁକ୍ତି ) To follow Tri- Ratnas ( ତିନୋଟି ରତ୍ନ ) To be well aware of the vows ( ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା / ସମ୍ପାଦନା ) To have moral values To have mastery over the subject.

25. Educational Implication Truth is relativistic and pluralist. What is true to some, may not be true for others. Knowledge, therefore may be viewed differently. Students must be taught to view things in different perspectives. They should be open minded and be willing to accept different opinions. Self-realization is important. Man must focus on the divinity and remove the material bond of soul. Therefore, students should be taught to focus on developing their spiritual side, and not focus on material things. Education should lead to self-enlightenment. Students should not study for the sake of marks or good report results. They should study to broaden their mind and broaden their thinking. Studying should be for the sake of gaining new knowledge and developing oneself. Education should develop in students the sense of discrimination between what is good and what is bad. Education should inculcate non-violence as a virtue, practiced and not only aspired for, that would be socially desirable .

26. Songs of Jains https://youtu.be/y_BxbzY2Gl4 Click to listen …

27. Thank You All for your Patience listening.