Janu Jaiswal (soil Pollution).pptx

soil pollution

1. Soil Pollution Submitted By: Janu Jaiswal MBA 4 sem (B) Enroll No. 2203DMBA0013009 Causes of soil pollution, Effects of Fungicides and weedicides on soil components, residual toxicity, and pollution. Submitted To Dr. Radha ma’am

2. Causes of soil pollution 01 Effects of fungicides and weedivides on soil components 02 Residual toxicity and pollution 03 Conclusion 04 CONTENTS

3. Soil pollution, also known as soil contamination, refers to the presence of toxic chemicals, pollutants, or contaminants in the soil in concentrations that are harmful to living organisms and can have adverse effects on the environment. These contaminants can originate from various sources, including industrial activities, agricultural practices, improper waste disposal, and accidental spills. Soil Pollution What is soil pollution?

4. Causes of soil pollution 01

5. Causes of soil pollution Industrial Activities : Factories and industries often release toxic chemicals and heavy metals into the environment. Examples include lead, mercury, arsenic, and other hazardous chemicals. Agricultural Practices : The use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers in farming can lead to soil pollution. Overuse or improper disposal of these chemicals can result in contamination of the soil. Waste Disposal : Improper disposal of household, industrial, and hazardous waste can contaminate the soil with various pollutants. Landfills, if not properly managed, can also be sources of soil pollution. Mining Activities : Mining operations can release heavy metals and other toxic substances into the soil, contaminating it and affecting its quality. Accidental Spills : Spills of oil, chemicals, or other hazardous substances can lead to soil contamination if not cleaned up properly.

6. EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES AND WEEDIVIDES ON SOIL COMPONENTS 2

7. Effects of Fungicides 1. Microbial Activity: Disruption of Soil Microorganisms : Fungicides can harm beneficial soil microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and other microbes, which play crucial roles in soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and organic matter decomposition. Imbalance in Soil Microbial Communities: Prolonged or excessive use of fungicides can lead to an imbalance in soil microbial communities, reducing soil biodiversity and resilience. 2. Soil Structure and Aggregation: Disruption of Soil Aggregates : Fungicides can affect soil structure and aggregation by altering the microbial community responsible for maintaining soil structure, leading to soil compaction and reduced water infiltration and aeration. 3. Nutrient Cycling: Impaired Nutrient Cycling: Fungicides can inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms involved in nutrient cycling, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nutrient-releasing fungi, leading to reduced nutrient availability for plants.

8. Effects of Fungicides 4. Residue Accumulation: Buildup of Chemical Residues: Fungicides can accumulate in the soil over time, leading to increased chemical residues that may persist and affect soil health and future crop growth.

9. Effects of WEEDIVIDES 1. Soil Microbial Activity: Impact on Soil Microorganisms : Herbicides can have a detrimental effect on soil microbial communities, disrupting the balance of beneficial microbes and affecting soil fertility and organic matter decomposition. 2. Soil Structure and Aggregation: Disruption of Soil Aggregates : Herbicides can alter soil structure and aggregation by affecting the microbial community responsible for soil stability, leading to soil erosion, compaction, and reduced water infiltration and aeration. 3. Nutrient Availability: Reduced Nutrient Availability: Herbicides can inhibit the growth of certain soil microbes involved in nutrient cycling, leading to reduced nutrient availability for plants and potential nutrient imbalances in the soil. 4. Plant Residue Decomposition: Slowdown of Organic Matter Decomposition: Herbicides can inhibit the activity of soil microbes responsible for breaking down plant residues, leading to slower decomposition rates and accumulation of organic matter in the soil.

10. Effects of WEEDIVIDES 5. Soil pH and Chemical Properties: Alteration of Soil pH and Chemical Properties : Some herbicides can alter soil pH and chemical properties, affecting nutrient availability, soil fertility, and overall soil health.

11. OVERALL IMPACT ON SOIL COMPONENT Soil Health Degradation : Prolonged or excessive use of fungicides and herbicides can lead to soil health degradation, including reduced soil fertility, microbial diversity, and organic matter content, which can impact crop productivity and ecosystem resilience. Water Quality: Runoff from fields treated with fungicides and herbicides can lead to water pollution, as these chemicals can leach into groundwater or be carried into nearby water bodies, affecting water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

12. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION 3

13. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION Residual toxicity in soil pollution refers to the lingering or persistent presence of toxic substances in the soil even after the initial contamination source has been removed or reduced. This residual toxicity can pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. Here's a more detailed overview of residual toxicity in soil pollution: Causes of Residual Toxicity Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) : Chemicals like DDT, PCBs, and dioxins can persist in the environment for long periods and accumulate in soil. Heavy Metals : Metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic can remain in the soil for years or even centuries, posing a long-term threat. Pesticides and Herbicides: Some agricultural chemicals can remain in the soil for extended periods, especially if they are not biodegradable.

14. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION Industrial Chemicals: Chemicals used in various industrial processes, such as solvents, fuels, and by-products, can leave behind residues in the soil. Risks Associated with Residual Toxicity Soil Degradation : Residual toxic substances can degrade the quality of soil, affecting its fertility, structure, and ability to support plant growth. Groundwater Contamination: Toxic substances in the soil can leach into groundwater, contaminating drinking water sources and affecting aquatic ecosystems. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification: Toxic chemicals can accumulate in plants, animals, and humans through the food chain, leading to increased concentrations and potential health risks.

15. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION Human Health Risks : Exposure to residual toxic substances in soil through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact can cause a range of health problems, including cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive iss ues. Remediation of Residual Toxicity Phytoremediation: Using plants to extract, sequester, or detoxify contaminants from the soil. Bioremediation: Utilizing microorganisms to degrade or transform toxic substances into less harmful forms. Soil Washing: Physically or chemically removing contaminants from the soil using solvents, surfactants, or chelating agents. Soil Vapor Extraction : Removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the soil by vacuum extraction.

16. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION Landfilling and Capping: Excavating contaminated soil and disposing of it in a landfill, followed by capping with a clean soil layer to prevent further contamination. Monitoring and Long-Term Management: Regular monitoring of soil quality and implementing long-term management strategies to prevent the re-emergence of residual toxicity. Prevention Strategies Regulation and Compliance: Enforcing strict regulations on the use, handling, and disposal of toxic substances to prevent soil contamination. Pollution Prevention: Implementing pollution prevention measures in industries and agriculture to minimize the release of toxic chemicals into the environment.

17. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND POLLUTION Site Remediation and Rehabilitation: Properly managing and remediating contaminated sites to restore soil quality and reduce residual toxicity. Public Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about the risks of soil pollution and promoting environmentally friendly practices among the public and industries.

18. CONCLUSION soil pollution is a pressing environmental challenge that requires immediate and concerted efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals to mitigate its adverse effects, protect the environment, and safeguard human health for current and future generations.

19. THANKS FOR WATCHING SOIL POLLUTION