Japanese encephalitis in english

THIS VIDEO EXPLAINS ABOUT JE IN EASY WAY
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2. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by a group B arbovirus ( Flavi -virus ) and transmitted by culicine ( culex ) mosquitoes . Japanese Encephalitis

3. JE is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and occurs in almost 24 Asian and Western Pacific countries. In India JE was first identified in1955 in Tamil Nadu. Presently it has been reported from different parts of the country. The disease is endemic in 18 states. Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are most affected states. Japanese Encephalitis

4. Mostly cases of JE are asymptomatic. Based on sign and symptoms JE has three stages- Prodromal stage. Acute encephalitic stage. and Late stage Sign and symptoms

5. Onset of prodromal stage is characterized by- fever, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, lethargy and malaise . This stage lasts for one to six days Prodromal stage

6. In this stage sign and symptoms related to encephalitis starts such as- High fever , Nuchal rigidity , convulsions difficulty of speech. Acute encephalitic stage

7. Ocular palsies , hemiplegia, quadriplegia , coarse tremors, altered sensorium, patient may enter into coma. Acute encephalitic stage….

8. This stage begins when active inflammation comes to an end. The temperature touch to normal . Neurological signs become stationary or tend to improve. Convalescence may be prolonged and residual neurological deficits may stay for some time . The case fatality rate varies between 20-40 per cent. The average period between the onset of illness and death is about 9 days Late stage

9. diagnosis of JE is mainly based on serology using IgM-capture-ELISA which detects specific IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid or in the blood of almost all patients within 7 days of onset of disease. Diagnostic investigations

10. There is no specific treatment for JE. Only symptomatic treatment is provided along with rest and adequate fluid. Antipyretic and pain killers are given to provide symptomatic relief. Attention is given for preventive measures. Treatment

11. (a) VACCINATION : Vaccination of population at risk is best method of prevention of JE . Currently, the two primary doses of JE vaccines are given at 9 and 16 months of age. Recommended primary dose is 0.5 ml subcutaneously and site is left upper arm. Prevention

12. Booster doses are given after 1 year and subsequently at 3-yearly intervals until the age of 10-15 years. The vaccine is given subcutaneously in doses of 0.5 ml for children under 3 years and one ml for children more than 3 years of age. Protective immunity develops in about one month time after the second dose. Prevention

13. ( b) VECTOR CONTROL: The vector mosquitoes of JE are widely scattered and not easily amenable to control. An effective way to deal with them is to resort to aerial or ground fogging with ultra-low-volume (ULV) insecticides (e.g ., malathion, fenitrothion ) . All the villages reporting cases should be brought under indoor residual spray. Prevention

14. The spraying should cover the vegetation around the houses, breeding sites and animal shelters in the affected villages. Uninfected villages falling within 2 to 3 km radius of the infected villages should also receive spraying as a preventive measure . Prevention

15. Other measures to prevent JE includes prevention of mosquito bite by using mosquito repellants sticks, mosquito nets, mosquito repellant creams and removing breeding places of mosquitoes. Imparting health education regarding prevention of JE also prevents the disease in general public. Prevention

16. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )