Jaundice

Jaundice

1. Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the sclera of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is a sign of an underlying disease process. It is also known as icterus . JAUNDICE

2. Acute inflammation of the liver Inflammation of the bile duct Obstruction of the bile duct Haemolytic anaemia Cholestasis CAUSES

3. Hepatocellular jaundice : occurs as a result of liver disease or injury. Hemolytic jaundice : occurs as a result of hemolysis, or an accelerated breakdown of red blood cells, leading to an increase in production of bilirubin. Obstructive jaundice : occurs as a result of an obstruction in the bile duct. This prevents bilirubin from leaving the liver. TYPES

4. yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes light-colored stools, dark-colored urine itching of the skin ( Pruritus ) weakness, nausea and vomiting abdominal pain Fever Loss of appetite SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

5. History collection Physical examination Bilirubin test (0.2-1.2mg/dl) SGPT (7-56 UNITS PER LITER OF SERUM) SGOT (5-40 UNITS PER LITER OF SERUM) CBC Urine test (urine bilirubin ) MRI, CT scan Endoscopy X ray Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Liver biopsy DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

6. supportive care, IV fluids in cases of dehydration, medications for nausea/vomiting and pain, antibiotics, antiviral medications , blood transfusions, steroids, chemotherapy/radiation therapy , MANAGEMENT

7. Drink at least eight glasses of fluids per day. ... Consider adding milk thistle to your routine. ... Opt for fruits like papaya and mango, which are rich in digestive enzymes. Eat at least 2 1/2 cups of veggies and 2 cups of fruit per day. Look for high-fiber foods , such as oatmeal, berries, and almonds. Diet

8. Maintaining a healthy weight for height and build. vaccination against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Avoid high-risk behaviors such as intravenous drug use. Ensuring not to exceed the recommended daily amount (RDA) for alcohol consumption (14 units/week) Avoid potentially contaminated food/water and maintain good hygiene Avoid medications and toxins which can cause hemolysis or directly damage the liver Prevention