Jawahar kala kendra

Its a case study of a cultural centre designed by Ar. Charles Correa in Jaipur (Raj)

1. Jawahar Kala Kendra by Ar. Charles Correa Jaipur Submitted by: GROUP 5 Pushpdeep Gehlot Aarooni Thakur Naivedh Pachori Praveen Singh Rathore Saurabh Suthar Submitted to: Ar. Harendra Bohra Ar. Pratibha Jangid 01

2. What is Cultural Center? 05 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture  is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities and habits of the individuals in these groups. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. The cultural center is often a meeting point in small communities where people come together to preserve traditions and develop cultural activities that include the participation of the whole family. As a general rule, the activities of the cultural centers are free or very affordable, so that nobody be dismissed for economic reasons. The property of cultural centers is usually State or cooperative, because it generally non-profit institutions.

3. Site Location 02 Address: 2, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Opp Commerce College, Jhalana Doongri , Jaipur, Rajasthan Distance from: Bus station (Sindhi Camp): 7KM Railway Station: 7KM Airport: 7.4KM

4. History of Jaipur 03  It was founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II the ruler of Amber, after whom the city has been named and the architect of the city was Vidhyadhar Bhattacharya. The city of Jaipur was not meant to be a fort-town, or a military base, but a centre for commerce and trading . The new capital was meticulously planned, keeping in mind the traditional treatise on architecture, the Vastu Shastra . Palace construction Residential construction Hilly area The city was planned in 9 blocks which signifies the nine planets and these blocks follows the grid pattern with roads linking the whole city. Although the 9 th block at the north western part was inhabitable because of the presence of steep hills hence that part was shifted to south eastern area forming an asymmetrical pattern.

5. Layout Plan 04 Following the directions of the Hindu Shilpa shastra , width of the main streets & other lanes were fixed. Thus the main streets of the city were 111ft . wide, secondary streets 55 ft . wide & the smaller ones 27ft . wide. 111 is a holy number in Hinduism and hence considered lucky also. The directions of each street and market are East to West and North to South. The commercial shops were designed in Jaipur in the multiples of nine (27), having one cross street for a planet. "Nine" signifies the nine planets of the ancient astrological zodiac, and twenty-seven signifies the 27 nakshatras .

6. Demography 05 Growth is always an essential aspect of any city and Jaipur is undoubtedly a city of growth. This Northern Indian city is one of the most consistently growing cities in the country. Each year, the population of Jaipur increases by a steady 3%, and the current estimated population remains strong at 39,09,333 which is ranked 10 th in India. The 2011 census states that there are 898 females for every 1000 males , with the exact number of females totaling 1,454,070 compared with 1,619,280 males . Jaipur is relatively densely populated, with 6,500 residents per square kilometer (or 17,000 residents per square mile).

7. Population growth 06 Year Population .29M .4M .61M .98M 1.47M 2.25M 2.99M 3.9M 4.92M 1M 4M 2M 3M 5M 6M

8. Topography 07 Nahargarh Hills Jhalana Hills Jaipur’s total area is 467 sq. km . which makes it the largest city in Rajasthan and it lies 442m above sea level. The city is surrounded by the Nahargarh hills in the north and Jhalana in the east, which is a part of Aravalli hills - ranges. To the south and the west of the city are also prevailing hillocks but they are isolated and discontinuous in formation. The general slope of the Jaipur city and its surroundings is from north to south and then to south-east . Nearly all the ephemeral streams flow in this direction. Higher elevations in the north exist in the form of low, flat-topped hills of Nahargarh (587 meters) . Jaigarh, Amber and Amargarh , which are deeply dissected and eroded. An isolated hillock called “ Moti Dungari ” upon which an old royal castle exists, is near the Rajasthan University. Further in the south, topographical levels of the plain areas varies between 280 meters along Bandi and Dhund rivers in the south to some 530 meters in the north east of Chomu near Samod hills.

9. Climate 08 Climate type: Jaipur city falls under the hot semi-arid of climate and experiences a continental type of climate owing to its proximity to the desert and inland location. The city experiences monsoon showers in the months of August and September with frequent thunderstorms. Jaipur receives over 650 mm of rainfall each year. The highest temperature ever recorded was 48.5 °C, in May . The lowest temperature ever recorded was -2.2 °C . Jaipur. The average annual temperature of Jaipur is 25.1 degree celcius .

10. Architecture of Jaipur 09 Construction style of Jaipur is based on Rajputana architecture style. It is a mixture of Mughal and Hindu architecture. The state of Rajasthan is an epitome of heritage beauty which embraces buildings like Palaces, Havelis and ornamented temples. Jaipur has several temples, often built as  havelis , with central courtyards, and living or administrative spaces in the style of a marble-clad Rajput pavilion with wide scalloped arches , surrounded by gardens and fountains, and decorated with stucco carvings and wall paintings, thus making the temple a residential palace for the deity.

11. Nature of the city 10 In addition to its role as the provincial capital , educational, and administrative centre , the economy of Jaipur is fuelled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information technology. Three major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Jaipur. These are: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which has its regional offices here. In 2008, Jaipur was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities. Jaipur Stock Exchange is one of the regional stock exchanges in India and was founded in 1989. Jaipur is a major hub for arts and crafts. It has many traditional shops selling antiques, jewellery , handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal products. Jaipur is one of India's largest manufacturers of hand-knotted rugs. 

12. Need of Cultural Centre 11 As the city got declared UNESCO heritage site in 2019 tourists per year increases Preserving the craft and talent of the city’s finest craftsman Many institutes do not have performing center thus increasing demand for auditorium & O.A.T

13. Land use plan 12

14. Project introduction 13 Project: Jawahar Kala Kendra (further referred as JKK) Location: Old city of Jaipur, Rajasthan- India Period of Construction: 1986-1991 Architect: Charles Correa Client: Rajasthan Government, India Site area: 9.3acres Purpose: Cultural centre to preserve the Rajasthani arts & crafts

15. Project Requirements 13 Administration block (offices and reception) Auditorium Library Art gallery Workshop labs Open Air theatre Cafeteria Guest rooms and dormitories Shilpgram (open stalls)

16. Concept 14 Charles Correa’s plan for the ‘ Jawahar Kala Kendra’ invokes directly the original navagraha ’ or nine house mandala. His ideology was to invoke the underlying construct of the cosmos they are meant to represent. In the museum, Correa’s direct imitation of the Jaipur city is evident in the displacing of one of its square from the nine square construct to create a main entrance. Hence on a closer examination one could suggest that Correa used the nine square Mandala not only as a structuring device but also to consciously invoke the symbolism of traditional city. The astrological symbol of each planet is directly expressed in a cut-out opening along its external wall. THE NAVGRAH CONCEPT The ideology behind this cultural centre is quite fascinating as the architect chose the Jaipur’s city plan to be constructed as a centre for preserving the city’s rich art and culture.

17. Concept 15 Jaipur’s city plan Jawahar kala Kendra

18. Conceptual Features 16 Each of the squares is defined by 8-metre-high walls . The building programme has been “disaggregated” into eight separate groupings corresponding to the symbol/color represented by that particular planet. The materials used have been carefully picked which can related and reflect to the nature of the space. The use of local yellow sandstone, red sandstone, lime, red-rubble, marble, terracotta and other materials, narrow passage ways and wide courtyards, frequent openings with connecting vistas, the imitation of step wells in the courtyard and through many other small details. EACH MODULE = 30x30x8 M

19. 13 ADMINSTRATION THEATRES RECREATIONAL SPACE LEARNING SPACE ART GALLERY SITE ZONING

20. N Sun Path Diagram

21. Area Distribution 13 STANDARD GIVEN TOTAL AREA For area bigger than 500 sq.m . 9.3 ACRES GROUNG COVERAGE 40 % 21.5% (2 ACRES) OPEN AREA 60% 78.5% (7.3 ACRES) SET BACK (FRONT) 9 M 45M SETBACK (SIDES) 9 M 30M PARKING 2 ECU / 100 SQM 4500 SQ.M. 60 ECU

22. Site Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 4 Gate 3 11 12 1. Sandarbh a. library documentation (G.F.) b. audio, visual (F.F.) 2. Sphatic Art Gallery a. music and dance (G.F.) b. Sphatic Gallery (F.F.) 3. Parijat (galleries and studio) a. Workshops (G.F) b. Photography Workshops (F.F.) 4. Alankar Museum a. Exhibition (G.F.) b. Curator (F.F.) 5. Exhibition Galleries a. Gallery (G.F.) b. Chaturdik Gallery (F.F.) 6. Cafetria (G.F.) Guest rooms (F.F.) 7. Admin Block a. Reception (G.F.) b. Offices (F.F.) 8. Open Air Theatre 9. Auditorium (G.F.) Projector Room (F.F.) 10. Parking 11. Shilpgram 12. Storage N

23. Circulation 11 Shilpgram Internal Circulation External Circulation

24. Water Services Shilpgram Under ground water tank (Capacity: 1 lakh liter) Pump Room Over Head Water Tank (Capacity: 50k Litre ) Borewell 250ft. deep R.W.H. pit at every 20m distance on the periphery of Hunarshala and the gardens Size: 3ft ( dia ) and 30ft. deep Municipal Connection Main line Supply line Sewer line

25. Electricity layout Shilpgram Main line D.G. Line Generator 250KV Transformer 2 550KV Transformer 1 650KV The electricity is being supplied by the Jaipur Vidyut Vitan Nigam Limited (JVVNL) and then further distributed through the transformers placed at the parking

26. SANDARBH- Library 22

27. Standards 23 Shelving for Adults Shelving for kids

28. Standards 11 Minimum Clearances

29. Plan 25 AREA: 30M X 30M OCCUPANCY: 42 UNITS

30. Comparison 26 SPACES REQUIRED GIVEN BOOK COLLECTION 15,000 VOLUMES ----- SPACE FOR BOOK COLLECTION 1000 SQ.FT. 2550 SQ.FT. SPACE FOR READERS 700 SQ.FT. 2800 SQ.FT. STAFF WORK SPACE 500 SQ. FT. 800 SQ.FT CIRCULATION, UTILITY ETC 800 SQ.FT. 1000 SQ.FT. TOTAL ESTIMATED FLOOR SPACE 3,500 SQ.FT. 7450 SQ.FT. MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR A LIBRARY

31. Comparison 26 SPACES REQUIRED MALE FEMALE WASHBASIN 1 1 1 URINALS 2 2 ---- WATER CLOSET 1 2 3 DRINKING WATER FOUNTAIN 1 1 1 STANDARD OF WASHROOMS Source: NBC Vol.1

32. Comments 27 Merits Courtyard planning for proper lighting and ventilation. Providing a glass façade with a garden view for soothing aesthetics Separate floor for audio, visual reading Separate cubicles for minimum disturbance. Demerits Service Area at the main entry Poor adjustments of book shelfs- minimum distance between two shelfs is 2 feet, given is 1 feet 8inches Minimum tread width of a Staircase should be 1.5m in public spaces, given is 1.1m

33. Service Room 28

34. Library Interior 29

35. Library Interior 30

36. Library- office 31

37. Audio Visual Library (F.F.) 32

38. Library- store room (F.F.) 33

39. Auditorium 34

40. Standards 11 Stage to seat ratio Angle from balcony seating Comfortable seating posture Angle from the closet seat

41. Standards 35 Minimum spacing for varying floor conditions

42. Standards 36

43. Plan 37 CO CO A A’ B B’ Total occupancy: 213 seats Foyer Area: 140sq.m. Auditorium area: 200 sq.m . Stage area: 90sq.m. (stage dimensions: 8mx12m) Back stage area: 100 sq.m . Backstage entrance

44. Comments 38 Merits: Proper light and ventilation by introducing courtyard which also enhance the aesthetics of the space Demerits: Public and private areas were not being separated so the crowd will sometime trespass the prohibited areas like the projector room. No provision for VIP entrance in the Auditorium is given. the backstage passage should be hidden as it is only being used for the services.

45. 11

46. GREEN ROOM

47. FOYER

48. Comments

49. Comments

50. Curtain and backstage entrance Backstage and green room Plumbing Shaft Projector Room

51. Acoustic treatment (acoustic plasterboard) Backstage passage Courtyard Projector window

52. Amphitheatre 01

53. Ideology 51 INSPIRATION IPLEMENTATION MADHYAVARTI OPEN THEATRE

54. CAFETERIA

55. SHILPGRAM

56. SHILPGRAM

57. Over Head Water Tank Pumping room Parking Diesel Generator

58. Aesthetics