job of geologist in true meaning .pdf

how geologist work

1. Created by : Eslam Ayman Abdelmeged
Faculty of Earth science

2. What does a geologist study ?
Geologists study earth processes such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and
volcanic eruptions. When geologists investigate earth materials, they not only
investigate metals and minerals, but also look for oil, natural gas, water, and
methods to extract these.

3. What does a Geologist do?
-A geologist works to understand the history of the planet we live on, to better predict the future,
and to explain current occurrences. Geologists are also hired to survey land and draw up safe
building plans.
-A general geologist works with mineralogy, petrology, geological mapping, economic geology, and
petroleum geology. Geological mapping consists of documenting geological formations on a map,
such as rock patterns and distribution
•#Types of Geologists:
•-Environmental Geologist:
Environmental geologists look for solutions to environmental issues by observing and investigating flooding, erosion,
earthquakes, pollution, and natural hazards. They specifically focus on studying and understanding the earth and
human interactions with the land, so as to forecast any geological issues and impacts on the environment due to the
effects of urban and industrial expansion. Their research and work is vital to finding successful ways to reducing the
negative effects of growth.
Duties for environmental geologists may involve: collecting soil, sediment, rock and core samples; conducting surveys;
studying the effects of erosion and sedimentation; and recording information from reports, geochemical surveys,
imagery, and maps.

4. Engineering Geologist :
Engineering geologists can work as advisors to private and public companies on the
environmental and geological issues for real estate development by assessing
whether the ground rock is stable and safe enough to build on.
•An engineering geologist investigates the physical and chemical properties of rocks
and soil -this information is carried over to building bridges, dams, structures,
roads, and tunnels in structurally sound areas and at minimal cost. Some
knowledge of civil engineering is also recommended for the civil planning aspect.
Marine Geologist :
Marine geologists are a subset of geologists that study the processes (such as plate
tectonics, volcanic activity, and earthquakes) of the land form that is beneath the
ocean. This includes the ocean floor, beaches, estuaries, some coastal river areas
and large lakes, and the shallow slopes/shelves that surround the continents.
Marine geologists are more involved in the results of geology, rather than the causes.
They focus on the interplay between geology, marine biology, and oceanography, as
the bottom of the ocean is still an unexplored frontier. Studying and maintaining the
health of our coastal and offshore resources is vital to our economy -there is a large
amount of natural gas and oil that is beneath our oceans, and the skills and new
technologies that marine geologists bring to the table are essential as we surpass
peak oil.

5. Planetary Geologist
Planetary geology is concerned with studying the geology of the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. Planetary geologists look at
things like the make-up of the minor bodies of the Solar System, planetary volcanism, impact craters, what the internal structure of the moon is, or how
planets like Pluto, Saturn or Jupiter were originally formed.
Planetary geology is closely linked with Earth-based geology, and applies geological science to other planetary bodies. By either working with actual
specimens that were gathered from space missions, or from analyzing photos, planetary geologists can set about understanding the climate, history, and
topography of other planets.
Economic Geologist
A
Economic geology is a subset of geology that is concerned with the formation and extraction of earth materials such as precious and
base metals, petroleum minerals, nonmetallic minerals, construction-grade stone, coal, and water that can be used for economic
potential and/or industrial purposes in society. Economic potential refers to materials that are currently or may potentially be valuable,
typically referred to as mineral resources (they include minerals, oil, gas, and ore deposits).
Most of our modern conveniences (for example computers and plastics) rely on the Earth's natural resources and once started as raw
materials. The earth's population is estimated to hit over 9 billion by 2050 -more people means more natural resources will be
needed. An economic geologist's primary objective is to locate profitable deposits of oil, gas, and minerals and to figure out how to
extract them. Economic geologists continue to successfully expand and define known mineral resources
Petroleum Geologist
A petroleum geologistis involved in identifying possible oil deposits/traps, oil discovery, and production. They are called upon to study
sediment deposits in oceans, rock folds, and faults. They also make the decision of where to drill by locating prospects within a
sedimentary basin. This can be very labour-intensive work that involves special equipment to look at sedimentary and
stlocatingructural aspects in order to locate possible oil traps.
Petroleum geologists determine a prospect’s viability by looking for: a source rock that can generate hydrocarbons; porous rock
reservoirs that are sealed and that collect hydrocarbons in a trap; traps that are formed in a specific geological order; a cracking of
organic matter into gas and oil when under heat and pressure; and the movement of gas and oil from the source rock-to a reservoir
rock-to a trap. Data may be obtained via geophysical surveys and from the mudlogger, who analyzes the drill cuttings and the rock
formation thicknesses.

6. Geomorphologist
Geomorphologists study how the Earth’s surface is sculpted ormorphedby streams, landslides, glaciers, and
wind. Volcanos, earthquakes, and tsunamis also fall within the interests of geomorphologists. As rock and sediment
is worn away and moved to other areas (erosion or deposition) by certain processes, landforms are produced. By
studying, documenting, and mapping these landforms/landscapes and how air, water, and ice has affected them,
geomorphologists can better understand how and why they form. Often particles and organic material, such as
diatoms and macrofossils, that are preserved in sediments and peat can give hints on past climate changes and
processes.
Geomorphologists can specialize in aeolian (desert) geomorphology, glacial and periglacial geomorphology,
volcanic and tectonic geomorphology, and planetary geomorphology.
Geophysicist
A geophysicist studies the Earth by using gravity and magnetic, electrical, and seismic methods. Research
geophysicists study the earth's internal structure, earthquakes, the ocean and other physical features using these
methods. Some geophysicists study the earth's properties for environmental hazards and assess areas for
construction sites.
Investigating the inner workings of the earth, geophysicists focus upon the physical and fluid properties of materials
making up the earth, seeking a greater understanding of continental formation and processes that happen because
of it (earthquakes, etc). Geophysicists also focus on finding oil, iron, copper, and many other deposits of minerals
created by the earth's movement and compression of materials.
Geohydrologist
Geohydrologists study the properties and distribution of natural underground water reservoirs, their capacity to
store water, and the movement of water through the reservoirs. More importantly, geohydrologists investigate the
cycles of drawing out water from the reservoirs for human consumption, as well as the replenishment by
precipitation.

7. Resources
yourfreecareertest.com
aessoil.com
dasocampomatilla.weebly.com
bsu.edu.eg
careerexplorer.com