jute

a Fiber Crop

1. Presentation on Jute By Adil Zia Class no 618 Subject Crop production Department Agronomy The university of agriculture Peshawar, Amir Muhammad khan campus mardan

2. content Scientific classification Introduction History Botanical description Agronomic practices Uses conclusion

3. Scientific classification Local Name: Tossa pat, Sadha Pat. English Name: Jute Scientific Name: Tossa Jute --- Corchorus olitorius White Jute --- Corchorus capsularis (L) Family --- Tiliaceae

4. Introduction Jute is a type of vegetable fiber used to make items such as rope, twine, carpet, rugs and much more. Jute is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all natural fibers and considered as fibre of the future. Raw jute is the natural fibre which is extremely eco- friendly. So it is called Golden Fibre. Bangladesh is the biggest producer of natural jute or raw jute fibre both in quantity and quality.

5. History White Jute (Corchorus Capsularis): Several historical documents during the era of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542–1605) state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes made of jute. Simple handlooms and hand spinning wheels were used by the weavers, who used to spin cotton yarns as well. History also states that Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white jute from ancient times for household and other uses.

6. Golden fiber

7. Botanical description Botanical description of jute The botanical description of Jute plant is as follows: Plant: Annual herb, tall, slender half shrubby, nearly 2.0- 3.0 meters of height. Stem: Long, slender and colour varies from full green to dark red branched. Root: Well branched tap root. Leaf: Simple and petiolate. Flower : Small and yellow in colour. Fruit: Capsule. Pod round (C.capsularis) and elongated (C.olitorius)

8. Agronomic practices Soil and land type Planting time Seed rate Fertilizer application Irrigation Insect pest and control Diseases Harvesting time yield

9. Soil and land type Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. Alluvial sandy loam, clay loamy soils are best suited for jute production. Capsularis jute can grow even in standing water especially towards the latter part of its growth. Olitorius jute will not thrive in standing water. The latter is more drought resistant and is therefore grown on lighter soils. Soil pH 6.5-7.5

10. Jute is a rainy season crop, sown from March to May according to rainfall and type of land. Planting time

11. Seed rate Seeds can be sown either by broadcasting or by line sowing. Broadcast method C. capsularis (white):  7 – 8 kg/ha.    C. olitorius (tossa):  5 – 6 kg/ha. Line sowing method C. capsularis (white):  5 – 6 kg/ha.    C. olitorius (tossa):  3 – 4 kg/ha.

12. Fertilizer application Fertilizer Application  Fertilizer (Kg/ha)                  C. capsularis                 C. olitorius  Urea                                        80­-100                           20­-60 TSP                                         40­-50                             15-­30 MoP                                        60­-80                              22-­50

13. Irrigation Jute is a rainy season crop. There is no need for irrigation. If moisture is not sufficient enough in the  field after sowing of seeds or before sowing of seeds. irrigation is given for proper germination.  Later on this crop is irrigated when the plants are 10 to 12 cm tall and 3­-4 leaves are formed.

14. Insect pest Jute hairy caterpillar, Jute semi looper, Jute stem weevil, Field cricket, Yellow mite

15. Control Beside recommendation of several pesticides, physical and biological control measures have also been recommended for jute. Raw garlic paste 12.50% i.e. 125 gram garlic paste mixed with 1 Kg jute seed can be used for seed purification and to prevent seedling mortality. Neem leaf extracts and water (1:20) can be used to control white mite.

16. Diseases Several diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and deficiency or nutritional disorders these are- Leaf spot Leaf rot Root-rot Anthracnose Leaf blight White spongy rot

17. Harvesting time Jute is harvested any time between 120 days to 150 days when the flowers have been shed, early harvesting gives good healthy fibers. The plant from 8 to 12 feet high are cut with stickles at or close the ground level. In flooded land, plants are up rooted. The harvested plants are left in field for 3 days for the leaves to shed.

18. yield Green plant weight yield is 45 to 50 tonnes per hectare. Fibre yield is 2.0 to 2.5 tonnes per hectare.

19. Uses The fibre is use of household, domestic and decorative purposes like ropes, sacks, bags, blanket, towine yarn, rugs, hessian cloth, wall mats etc. Now it is used to produce CBC yarn and Jutex yarn by blending with cotton fiber. Now a days green jute is used to produce paper Young shoots, leaves can be eat by cooked.