Juvenile deliquency

Child Mental Health Problems

1. Juvenile Delinquency

2. CONTENT : Juvenile delinquency Risk factors Characteristics Causes Prevention Legal measures Role of school teachers

3. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action

4. A violation of the law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or life imprisonment

5. MEANING Juvenile delinquency is the most important aspect of the subject matter of criminology. Juvenile delinquency, as a legal concept is of recent origin. Juvenile delinquency is a big breading centre of criminals.

6. The word delinquency is derived from the Latin word “ delinquere ” meaning de i.e. away and linquere i.e. to leave thus, meaning to leave or to abandon.

7. INCIDENCE According to NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) data for 2011 64% of all juvenile criminals fall in the age group of 16-18 . In 2011 ,33887 juveniles were arrested for 25,178 instances of crime. Of these 1,211 juveniles in the 7-12 years age group , 11,019 in the age 12-16 years age group while 21,657 in the 16-18 years age group

8. Violent Crimes: Aggravated assault Pick pocketing Homicide Rape Stealing Robbery Car theft s Burglar ies violance

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY The delinquency rates are many times higher for boys than girls, that is, girls commit fewer delinquencies than boy

10. Nine out of 10 juvenile delinquents are first-offenders and only one-tenth is recidivists or past-offenders

11. The delinquency rates tend to be highest during early adolescence.

12. Juvenile delinquency is more in urban than a rural phenomenon.

13. RISK FACTORS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Individual risk factors low  intelligence impulsiveness  or the inability to delay  gratification

14. Family environment and peer influence The level of  parental supervision Harsh  punishment parental conflict or  separation criminal parents or siblings parental abuse or neglect

15. Social and community The availability of drugs and firearms, community disorganization economic depravation .

16. CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY BIOLOGICAL CAUSES Heredity defects and glandular problems XYY type of chromosomal defects

17. SOCIAL CAUSES Broken families single parent families separated families, frequent parents fight lack of trust and confidence among the parents

18. Alcoholic parents

19. Step parents

20. Criminal parents or psychological problems in parents

21. Poverty

22. Neglect

23. Gender discrimination

24. Society: DEVELOPING NEGATIVE FEELING FROM THE SOCIETY

25. Psychological concerns

26. Mental disability

27. Physical concerns

28. Drug use

29. Peer group influence friends commit crime adolescents often learn to do it Peer group rejection Abusive behaviour

30. Personal Reasons The negative feelings make the person commit crime even if he belongs to a good family.

31. Educational Curriculum Delinquents are typically non-bookish and non-academic individuals who take studies like a burden. When they fail in exams and get scolded by their family, they tend to indulge themselves in delinquent acts.

32. PREVENTION Education Recreation Community involvement Creation of special programs Parent-Child Interaction Training Program Bullying Prevention Program

33. Education Teach children about the effects of drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons This is particularly important where youth are barraged with sexual and violent images. Educational programs have the underlying intent of encouraging hope and opening up opportunities for young people

34. Recreation

35. Recreation programs allow youths to connect with other adults and children in the community sports, dancing, music, rock climbing, drama, karate, bowling, art, and other activities.

36. Community involvement Involvement in community groups provide youth with an opportunity to interact in a safe social environment Girl scouts, boy scouts, church youth groups, and volunteer groups all involve within a community

37. Parent-Child Interaction Training Program A therapist guides the parents, educating them on how best to respond to their child's behaviour whether positive or negative .

38. The program has been shown to reduce hyperactivity, attention deficit, aggression, and anxious behaviour in children

39. Bullying Prevention Program Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behaviour among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance place in elementary and junior high school settings

40. An anonymous student questionnaire fills teachers and administrators in as to who is doing the bullying set up class rules and facilitate discussions that address the problem.

41. Prevention Programs within the Juvenile Justice System Drug rehabilitation assistance, counselling, and educational opportunities provide them with job training, give them the experience of living in a safe, stable environment, and provide them with assistance to break harmful habits

42. Functional Family Therapy (FFT Program assists youth on parole by helping them and their families communicate in more effective, positive ways.

43. CONTROL MEASURES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Accept the delinquent as a person in his own right, and give affection and security. Watch for the signs of maladjustment; early treatment may prevent this maladjusted. Providing the child with a variety of experiences like music and dance, art and craft, etc. can serve the purpose Change the conditions of home, school and community that seem to give rise to such behaviour.

44. CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC   The first child guidance clinic was started in Chicago in 1909. To prevent children from the possibility of becoming neurotics and psychotics in later life. a team work job, the comprising of a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, educational psychologist, psychiatric social workers, public health nurses, paediatrician, speech therapist, occupational therapist, and neurologist.

45. Specialized Programs Provided at Child Guidance Clinic Early Intervention Intensive Family Support Play therapy Juvenile Fire setter Intervention Program Assessment and Treatment of  Sexual Behavior Problems

46. CHILD PLACEMENT Orphanages : Children who have no home, or who for some reason could not be cared for by their parents are placed in orphanages. Remand homes : The child is placed under the care of doctors, psychiatrists, and other trained personnel

47. JUVENILE HOME

48. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

49. Apprentices Act of 1850: Orphans and poor children could take the benefit of this Act. The Act also dealt with children who committed petty offences

50. Reformatory Schools Act of 1897: Under this Act courts were empowered to send for detention youthful male offenders to Reformatory School for a period Children Acts Children Acts enacted by Madras in 1920 and followed by other States,

51. No child under 14 years of age can be imprisoned under any circumstances and no young person between 14-16 years of age can be imprisoned unless he is certified to be an unruly person

52. ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN PREVENTING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

53. School-Based Programs for Children and Adolescents Life skills training;  Socialization skills;  Problem-solving and coping skills;  Preparation for parenthood;  Self-protection training.  

54.   Life Skills Training

55. Socialization Skills

56. Problem-solving and Coping Skills

57. Preparation for Parenthood

58. School-Community Programs

59. Use of School Facilities and Resources workshops on child abuse Joint school-community adult education programs School newsletters School staff can serve as consultants, leaders, and facilitators of these programs