KAMATIS-PPTuwjsbsjsnsidbsiaiwnk (1).pptx

It's about tomatoes

1. TOMATO’S GROWTH AND YIELD BOOST: HYDROPONIC SOLUTION OPTIMIZATION

2. CHAPTER I Introduction Background of the Study The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is a member of the nightshade family or Solanaceae . The calcium and Vitamin K in tomatoes play a role in strengthening and repairing bones, including bone tissue. Tomatoes contain Vitamin B and potassium, which may reduce cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure.

3. Background of the Study The April to June 2023 tomato production was estimated at 70.33 thousand metric tons, indicating an annual decrease of -1.8 percent from the 71.59 thousand metric tons output in the same quarter of last year. From January to June 2023, the area planted for tomato was registered at 10.81 thousand hectares (Philippine Statistics Authority,2023).

4. Background of the Study Tomato production in the Philippines faces several challenges, primarily due to the country's tropical climate, soil borne diseases, limited arable land, water scarcity, and nutrient deficiencies on soils.

5. Background of the Study Hydroponics offers a viable solution to these challenges, providing a controlled environment for optimal tomato growth. Understanding how hydroponic system affects the growth and yield performance of tomato can provide valuable insights in improving the tomato production practices.

6. Objectives of the Study This study will be conducted to determine the growth and yield of tomato applied with different levels of hydroponic solution. Specific Objectives 1. Determine the growth performance of tomato applied with different levels of hydroponic solution in terms of plant height, number of lateral stems, stem diameter, number of days to first flower.

7. Objectives of the Study 2. Determine the yield performance of tomato applied with different levels of hydroponic solution in terms of number of fruit harvested, number of marketable fruits, weight of marketable fruits, number of non-marketable fruits, weight of non-marketable fruits. 3. Determine the significant difference on the growth and yield performance of Tomato applied with different levels of hydroponic solution. 4. Compute the return of investment on the growth and yield performance of eggplant applied with different levels of hydroponic solution .

8. Scope and Limitations of the Study For growth parameters: plant height, number of lateral stems, stem diameter, number of days to first flower . For yield parameters: number of fruit harvested, number of marketable fruits, weight of marketable fruits, number of non-marketable fruits, weight of non-marketable fruits. A total of 150 plants of tomato will be randomly distributed in the experimental area. The study will be laid out in a Complete Randomized Complete Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates.

9. Scope and Limitations of the Study Treatments: A-Control 1 (no hydroponic solution applied ) B-Control 2 (commercial fertilizer) C-1.5ml/L of hydroponic solution D-2.5ml/L of hydroponic solution E-3.5ml/L of hydroponic solution applied Data gathered will be analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA),while significant results will be subjected further to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

10. Significance of the Study Farmers Consumers Future Researchers

11. CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature Hydroponics Hydroponics is the practices of growing plants in a nutrient solution with or without a soilless substrate to provide physical support. The word hydroponics comes from the root words “hydro”, meaning water, and “ ponos ”, meaning labor, literally “working water”. The concept of hydroponics existed thousand years ago, with the earliest examples of Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Floating Garden of China. Hydroponics, or growing plants in a nutrients solution root medium, is a growing area of commercial food production and also is use for home food production and also is use for home food production by hobbylist .

12. Review of Related Literature According to the study of Hernandez, B.N., Campante,M.A ., Castro,E.S .(2002) about the poblano chili pepper crop sown in soil in the Alto Atoyac in Puebla has been affected by the presence of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and nematodes, generating losses in yield and reduction of the sowing area.The variables evaluated were: plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, number of bifurcations, number of flowers, yield and fruit quality. The results showed that the San Luis variety reached the highest yield and fruit quality. As for the three concentrations of nutrient solution, there was no significant effect on the yield and the agronomic behavior of creole varieties in the substrate, greenhouse and hydroponics system may be an option for the production of poblano chili pepper in the Alto Atoyac region.

13. Review of Related Literature According to the study of Salvatore G. V ., Jones, D.G ., Detheridge . A ., and Robson , P ., (2021), about the different types of systems used to grow food that are distinguished by ideology or the technology used. Plants in the two hydroponic systems transpired less water and were more water-efficient with a lower product water use than plants grown in soil. Fruit yield was similar and total soluble solids and sugar levels were not significantly different between the three growing systems. However, levels of lycopene and β-carotene were either similar or significantly higher in DWC compared to growth systems using soil or drip irrigation. The results identify hydroponic systems as more water use efficient with DWC also capable of producing higher quality produce.

14. Review of Related Literature Tomato Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum , L. ) belongs to the Solanaceae family also called Nightshades, which include more than 3000 species. Other examples of crops within the Nightshade family include pepper, potato, eggplants and tobacco. Tomato originated from the Andean region, which is modern day Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru; however, the original site of domestication is unclear . Two hypotheses have been expressed for the original site of tomato domestication: one stipulates Peru and the other Mexico. It is, however, presumed that Mexico is probably the site of domestication and Peru is the center of diversity. Originally, tomatoes were pea-sized berries but domestication and plant breeding have resulted in increased fruit sizes.

15. Review of Related Literature According to the study of Mehdizadi,M ., Ddarbandi , E.I ., Naseri -Rad, H. (2011), results showed that addition of organic fertilizers at rate of 20 ton. ha-1 significantly (at P< 0.05) increased tomato growth and yield compared to control (no fertilizer application). Also obtained results proved that tested treatments could be arranged in decreasing order as follows: municipal waste compost> poultry manure> cow manure> sheep manure> no fertilizer. Compost and poultry manure had a synergistic effect on both fresh and dry weights of tomato shoots and roots and compared to other treatments. As a general result using of organic fertilizers especially in composted form had positive effect on soil health and fertility, which consequents increase yield in long term can be expected.

16. Review of Related Literature According to the study of Olaniyi , J.O ., Ajibolathe , A.T., (2008),the yield and nutritional quality of tomato fruits were significantly improved by the application of sole poultry manure and mineral N fertilizer at 6.0 t. pm and 60 kg. N ha-1 respectively, or their combined application at 30 kg. N by 6.0 t. Pm ha-1. The yield and quality of tomato fruits produced with poultry manure are comparable with those obtained using mineral N fertilizer. Poultry manure can therefore be a suitable replacement for inorganic fertilizer in tomato production.

17. Review of Related Literature According to the study of Ayarna,A.W ., Tsukagoshi,S ., (2020), fruit yield per area did not differ in the two cultivars. Fruit yields of 28.8 and 30 kg m−2 per year were recorded in Jaguar and Momotaro York, respectively. In comparison, this yield result is 1.2–1.25 times less and 14.4–15 times higher than current tomato yields recorded in Japan (greenhouse) and Ghana, respectively. Fruit quality, in terms of total soluble solids recorded in Jaguar cultivar being 5.4 %Brix, was within the 3.5–5.6 %Brix recorded in Ghana. This system could effectively enhance the yield and quality of tomato in the tropics as well as economising on the use of resources.

18. Review of Related Literature Summary Related literature discussed in this chapter served as the basis for the present study. This includes the importance of the hydroponics system in tomato production and how hydroponic solution influenced the growth and yield performance of tomato. It includes the use of different levels of hydroponic solution to the hydroponically grown tomatoes which gives reasons for researchers to use hydroponic solution in tomato production. It also includes the importance of tomato and its nutritional value, and health benefits to human beings.

19. CHAPTER III Methodology Materials The following materials will be used in the study: seedling tray, tomato seeds, 10L water container, bamboo, wire, nails, pail, net, bamboo sticks, and hydroponics solutions. 150 experimental plants (tomato) will be randomly distributed to the experimental area.

20. Methodology Experimental Design and Treatment                   C   E   B   E   A   D       Figure 1. Experimental Lay-out of the Study. Legend: Treatment A: no hydroponic solution applied Treatment B: fermented banana peel applied Treatment C: 1.5ml/L of hydroponic solution Treatment D: 2.5ml/L of hydroponic solution Treatment E: 3.5ml/L of hydroponic solution

21. Methodology Experimental Design and Treatment Legend : Treatment A: no hydroponic solution applied Treatment B: commercial fertilizer applied Treatment C: 1.5ml/L of hydroponic solution Treatment D: 2.5ml/L of hydroponic solution Treatment E: 3.5ml/L of hydroponic solution

22. Methodology Cultural Management Practices and Procedure Site selection Weeding Procurement of planting materials Collection of bamboo Sowing of seeds Construction of net house Transplanting Application of treatment Harvesting

23. Methodology Data to be collected Plant height Number of lateral stems Stem diameter Number of days to first flower Number of fruit harvested Number of marketable fruits Weight of marketable fruits Number of non-marketable fruits Weight of non-marketable fruits Return of investment

24. Statistical Tools and Data Analysis The data on the tomato’s plant growth and yield boost using commercial fertilizer, different levels of hydroponics solution ,in terms of plant height, number of lateral stems, stem diameter, number of fruit harvested, number of marketable fruits, weight of marketable fruits, number of non-marketable fruits, weight of non-marketable fruits, will be analyzed statistically using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Data with significant results were subjected to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

25. References

26. References

27. References