Kariba dam

dam across Zambezi river.located in Africa .Zambia and Zimbabwe take power from this dam.output is 1320 MW.It's impacts cam be seen in every sector of river bank people.the resettled people suffered worstly.

1. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, ETTIMADAI KARIBA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT PRESENTED BY: MINU YACOB CB.EN.P2RET16010 16-Nov-16 1

2. INTRODUCTION It is one of the older of the large dams, worldwide. It is shared by two sovereign countries, Zambia and Zimbabwe It is on a river, the Zambezi, it is an international river. Managed by Zambezi River Authorities. Arch dam. 128 meters high. 579 meters long Dam 16-Nov-16 2

3. 16-Nov-16 3 Fig no:1

4. STEPPING STONES First step 1907 1945 drive for power 1946-Inter territorial hydroelectric power commission 1956 world bank gave 80 million dollars The installation of the first generation units on the south bank was completed late in 1959 F irst electricity was generated in January 1960. Kariba Dam was constructed from 1955–1960. 16-Nov-16 4

5. OBJECTIVES • A concrete arch dam at Kariba gorge. Two power stations on each bank of the river, with a combined planned capacity of 1320 MW south bank station-600MW north bank (Zambia)- 600MW; • The construction of the residential town of Kariba 16-Nov-16 5

6. The construction of a paved road The erection of power lines to connect the hydropower station at Kariba with the copper mines. The resettlement of 50000 Africans. 16-Nov-16 6

7. POWER HOUSE FEATURES Installed capacity of 1626 MW Annual generation:6400GWh Turbines : 12 Francis turbines North- 4 × 150 MW 2 × 180 MW South- 6 × 111MW Present status :Operational 16-Nov-16 7

8. SOCIAL IMPACTS People forced to abandon their riverine life. loss property and livestock( teste fly). Those displaced thought that they were treated more or less like animals endless food insecurity and poverty. Both host and resettled communities fight each other. S eparated from relatives and cultures. 16-Nov-16 8

9. CULTURAL IMPACTS Kariba has traditional Zimbabwean culture. They believed in the river god Nyaminyami . The name Kariba, it refers to a rock The rock is said to be the home of the Nyaminyami , the river God . It get submerged by the dam. Tribes lost their relatives. 16-Nov-16 9 Fig no:2

10. SEISMIC IMPACTS The weight of Kariba’s reservoir is a mass of 180 billion metric tons. The reservoir is located in a tectonically active area Kariba has caused numerous earthquakes in the area, 20 of them larger than magnitude 5 on the Richter scale. Seismic loads were not considered in the design of the Kariba Dam. 16-Nov-16 10

11. IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE Tonga's lost their fertile alluvial soil Resettled area soil was sandy and have low water holding capacity. No guidance to practice successful agriculture. I nfested with tsetse fly – affects cattle. 16-Nov-16 11

12. TOURISM IMPACTS I t has become one of the largest economic activities of the Kariba Dam. L arge water body, opportunities for water sport, abundant wildlife resources in close proximity of the lake, the existence of a good tarred road Tonga people are not benefited by this. 16-Nov-16 12

13. Public Health and Water Borne Diseases -Impacts of Kariba Dam Schistosomiasis -snail Fig no:3 Malaria 16-Nov-16 13

14. IMPACTS OF LAKE KARIBA ON WILDLIFE Operation Noah - Wildlife Relocation during Construction of Kariba Dam Loss of wild life habitat( hippo,vervet monkey,african skimmer) Terrestrial animals killed by rising water Animals killed during construction .(18 elephents,1 lion leoperd rhino) Resettlement of people into wildlife habitats Accumulation of DDT 16-Nov-16 14

15. Increased habitat for some species (crocodiles) Sustainable Wildlife Use in Communal Lands Change from Riverine to Lacustrine Environment Effects fishes. Fauna -lacustrine conditions enabled zooplankton 16-Nov-16 15

16. IMPACTS OF LAKE KARIBA ON FISHERIES Riverine fish fauna is not adapted to lake conditions People introduced lake fish Clupeidae (5.6kg/ha to 340 kg/ha) High fish yields at first few years. It droped as the dam matures. 16-Nov-16 16

17. RECENT ACTIVITIES On 3 October 2014 the BBC reported that, because of the past 50 years, the torrents from the spillway have eroded that bedrock, effects dam's foundations. O n January 18 2016 -It was reported that water levels at the Kariba dam had dropped to 12% of capacity. 16-Nov-16 17

18. IMPACTS AT A GLANCE POSITIVE Hydropower Economy Recreation NEGATIVE Reservoir flooding Earthquake Poor resettlement Compared with other large dams, kariba is a great success. It has over served its purpose with relatively little controversy and negative impacts. 16-Nov-16 18

19. REFERENCES " Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000 " . World Commission on Dams. " Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa ". Power Plants Around the World Photo Gallery. Industry Cards. Retrieved 20 February 2014. www.internationalrivers.org/resources/kariba-dam-safety-concerns en.wikipedia.org 16-Nov-16 19

20. THANK YOU 16-Nov-16 20