The body uses energy all the time just to keep warm, keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the amount of energy we require just to stay alive, awake and warm.
To move around, digest food and exercise, we need even more energy. This is called our working en...
The body uses energy all the time just to keep warm, keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the amount of energy we require just to stay alive, awake and warm.
To move around, digest food and exercise, we need even more energy. This is called our working energy.
Our working energy depends on how active we are.
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Language: en
Added: May 05, 2024
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Oleh:
dr dini
Food into energy
As we know, our bodies obtain energy from carbohydrates,
fats and proteins. Let’s compare the energy we obtain from
these nutrients:
1 gram of carbohydrate = 17.1 kj
1 gram of protein = 18.2 kj
1 gram of fat = 38.9 kj
How much energy is there in 30 grams of carbohydrate?
How much energy is there in 15 grams of fat?
Would the fat or the carbohydrate be a better
source of energy for a middle distance runner?
Your energy needs
The body uses energy all the time just to keep warm, keep
the heart beating and the lungs breathing.
The Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR) is the amount of energy
we require just to stay alive, awake and warm.
To move around, digest food and exercise, we need even
more energy. This is called our working energy.
Our working energy depends on how active we are.
Total energy needed =
basal metabolic rate+
working energy
This can be measured in either
kilojoules (kj) or kilocalories (kcal).
Individual energy needs
Age–as you grow up and your body gets larger, it requires
more energy. However, after the age of about 40, your
metabolism slows down and you don’t need to eat as much.
The amount of energy required varies from person to
person. It depends on a number of factors:
Lifestyle–the more activity you do, the more energy you
will require.
Sex–males usually require more energy than females
because they tend to be more heavily built.
Size–larger people require more energy to keep their
bodies functioning and to move them around.
Individual energy needs per day (kcal)
Male (kcal) Female (kcal)
Child –6 months 700 650
Child –8 years 1970 1740
16 year-old 2700 2100
Adult working in
an office
2500 2150
Adult doing heavy
physical work
3350 2550
A retired person
aged 75 years
2150 1700
Why do you think that, on average, adult males working
in offices need fewer calories than 16 year-old males?
Energy balance
When you participate in sport and other activities, you burn
extra energy. The amount of energy you use will depend on:
what typeof exercise you do
how longyou exercise for
how hardyou exercise.
Here are some guidelines for the energy used in different
activities:
Activity Kcals per hour
Ironing 140
Walking briskly 300
Swimming 400
Tennis 490
Jogging 600
Menghitung Kebutuhan Kalori
1.BMR= 24 jam x BB x 1 kal (a)
2.Kebutuhanenergiuntukkerja(b)
Ringan : 30 kalXKgBB X Lama/24jam
Sedang : 35 kalXKgBBXlama/24 jam
Berat : 40 kalx Kg BB x lama/24 jam
Sangatberat : 50 kalx Kg BB x lama/24 jam
4. SDA = (BMR) x 10% (c)
5. Total = a + b + c
Menghitung Kebutuhan Kalori
1.Tentukan BMR (Lihat Tabel BMR)
2.Tentukan SDA = 10% BMR
3.Jumlahkan BMR dan SDA
4.Tentukan Faktor Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik (Lihat Tabel),
kalikan dengan (BMR +SDA)
5.Tentukan penggunaan energi sesuai dengan latihan.
Kalikan durasi latihan dengan besarnya energi yg
digunakan setiap latihan dalam seminggu, kemudian
dibagi 7, utk mengetahui penggunaan energi per hari.
6.Total kebutuhan energi= hasil no.4 + no. 5
Contoh:
Bambang mahasiswa,usia 20 Th,
BB:60 Kg,TB 160cm
Aktivitas harian:
Latihan fisik: lari (kec 5 mnt/Km), 3X/mg selama 1
jam
Latihan Basket : 2 X/mg, selama 45 menit
Kuliah di kelas (ringan sedang)
Berapa Kebutuhan Energi sehari ?
Tahap 4. Energi aktivitas harian (Kuliah)=
Faktor Aktivitas X (BMR+SDA)
1.7X (1589+ 158.9) = 2971 Kalori
Aktivitas Jenis Aktivitas LK PR
Istirahat Tidur, baring, duduk 1.2 1.2
Ringan Sekali menulis, mengetik 1.4 1.4
Ringan Menyapu, menjahit, mencuci piring,
menghias ruang
1.5 1.5
Ringan -sedang Sekolah, kuliah, kerja kantor1.7
1.6
Sedang Mencangkul, menyabit rumput 1.8 1.7
Berat Menggergaji pohon dengan gergaji
tangan
2.1 1.8
Berat Sekali Mendaki gunung, menarik becak. 2.3 2.0
Tahap 5 Energi Latihan/ Minggu
-Lari (kec 5 Mnt/Km)=3X60 mnt X 12kal=2160
Kal/mg ( Tabel)
-Lat.Basket = 2X45 Mnt X8 Kal.= 720 Kal/mg
(Tabel)
Energi Latihan sehari= (2160 + 720) : 7=411
Kal.
Total Kebutuhan Energi sehari =
2971 +411 = 3382 Kalori
Berat Badan Ideal (Idaman)
Berat badan idaman (untuk TB > 160 cm)=
(Tinggi Badan –100) –10%.
Untuk pria dengan TB < 160 cm dan perempuan dg TB <
150 cm, tidak perlu dikurangi 10%.
CONTOH
Seorang laki-laki usia 32 tahun, TB 172 cm dan BB 98 kg.
Bagaimana penilaian status gizi orang tersebut?
Lanjutan
Berat badan idaman =(172-100) –7,2 kg = 64,8 kg
Berat badan normal = berat badan idaman ±10%.
Jadi, apabila berat badan idaman 64,8 kg, maka berat
badan normal antara 58,3 kg sampai 71,3 kg.
Jika BB < 58,3 kg berarti kurus, sedangkan bila BB > 71,3
kg berarti gemuk.
Jadi, untuk kasus tersebut (BB 98 kg, TB 172 cm) berarti
pria tersebut gemuk.
Kebutuhan kalori
Jenis aktivitas (ringan, sedang atau berat)
Kebutuhan kalori per kg BB
St Gizi Aktivitas
RinganSedang Berat
Gemuk 25 30 35
Normal 30 35 40
Kurus 35 40 40-50
Kasus
Gemuk, aktivitas sedang shg kebutuhan kalori per kg
BB adalah 30 kalori.
Dg demikian, kebutuhan kalori sehari-hari adalah 64,8 x
30 kalori = 1944 kalori atau dibulatkan mjd 1900 kalori.
Untukmenurunkanberatbadan
Masukan kalori perlu dikurangi (< 1900 kalori).
Bisa dipilih 1500 atau 1700 kalori.
Penurunan BB tidak boleh terlalu cepat. Penurunan 2 kg
per bulan sudah memadai.
Dalam 6 bulan, BB turun 12 kg.
Biasanya setelah 6 bulan, penurunan BB mjd landai.
Asupan kalori perlu diturunkan lagi setelah 6 bulan, shg
BB bisa turun lagi.
Olahraga tetap harus dilakukan secara teratur.