Kerela

culture of kerala

1. KERELA GOD’S OWN COUNTRY ASHI KAPOOR 2 ND YEAR 1 ST SEM

2. CONTENTS GEOGRAPHY CLIMATE SOIL AND VEGETATION RELIGION FESTIVALS CULTURE OCCUPATION CLOTHING LANGUAGES TEMPLES OF KERALA CUISINE

3. GEOGRAPHY The Kerala State lies along the south-west corner of Peninsular India. The boundaries of the State are the Lakshadweep sea in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south and east and Karnataka in the north. The State has an area of 38,863 km2 and is administratively divided into 14 districts. The State has a complex topography with mountains, valleys, ridges and scarps .

4. CLIMATE The State receives both south-west and north-east monsoons. The mean annual rainfall is 2693 mm. The mean annual temperature varies from 25.40C to 310C in the central parts of Kerala. March-May are summer months and the temperature raises to 400C in the central plains.

5. SOIL AND VEGETATION Kerala has diverse types of soil such as Coastal alluvium, riverine alluvium, laterite, red, black, and forest soil. The natural vegetation of Kerala comprises 3,872 flowering plants including 900 plants of great medicinal value. The Western Ghats represent one of the World's 18 hot spots of bio-diversity . Kerala has a total recorded forest cover of 9400sq.km . Forests of Kerala are broadly classified into 6 major categories. They are: 1..Tropical Wet Evergreen and Semi Evergreen 3299 2.Tropical Moist Deciduous 4100 3.Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests 100 4.Montane Sub-tropical Temperate sholas 70 5.Plantations 1809.424 6.Grass Lands 21.576

6. RELIGION Hinduism (54.74%) Islam (26.56%) Christianity (18.38%) Other or none ( Buddhism,Jainism,Judaism ) (0.32%)

7. FESTIVALS KARTHIGAI ONAM MAHASHIVRATRI THIRUNELLI FESTIVAL ASTHAMI ROHINI EASTER CHRISTMAS BAKRA ID

8. CULTURE FOUR CULTURAL AREAS[ TRAVANCORE ]: COCHIN CENTRAL KERALA SOUTH MALABAR NORTH MALABAR The culture of Kerala is a synthesis of Aryan and Dravidian cultures, developed and mixed for centuries, under influences from other parts of India and abroad It is defined by its antiquity and the organic continuity sustained by the Malayali people.

9. CULTURE PERFORMING ARTS KERALA MURAL PAINTINGS- Fresco- Secco &Murals MUSIC MARTIAL ARTS LITERATURE FOLKLORE POLITICS KERALA MODERN SOCIETY ELEPHANTS IN MODERN CULTURE

10. PERFORMING ARTS Thirayattam Kathakali Thullal-Ottan thullal , an art form in Kerala state-India Kolam Thullal , a ritual dance in south Kerala- Sarpam Thullal  (Dance of Snakes), a ritual dance in Kerala Mohiniyattam Kalaripayattu[martial art form] Chakyar koothu Nangiar kothu Theyam [ kaliyattam ] Panchavadyam

11. MUSIC Chenda melam Panchari melam Panchavadyam Carnatic Music N ative music system, sopanam , which is a lugubrious and step-by-step rendition of raga-based songs. B ackground music used in Kathakali , also includes melam (including the paandi and panchari variants), as style of percussive music performed at temple- centered festivals using an instrument known as the chenda . Panchavadyam is a differing type of percussion ensemble consisting of five types of percussion instruments.

12. MARTIAL ARTS AND SPORTS Kerala also has its own indigenous form of martial art — Kalarippayattu , derived from the words kalari ("place", "threshing floor", or "battlefield") and payattu ("exercise" or "practice"). In modern times more popular sports such as cricket, kabaddi, soccer, badminton, and others.

13. LITERATURE ( M alyalam ) Malayalam literature is ancient in origin, and includes such figures as the 14th century Niranam poets ( Madhava Panikkar , Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar ), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry .

14. FOLKLORE The folklore of Kerala includes elements from the traditional lifestyle of the people of Kerala. The traditional beliefs, customs , rituals etc. are reflected in the folkart and songs of Kerala. Folklore could be defined as the lore of the common people who had been marginalized during the reign of feudal Kings. RITUALISTIC- DEVOTIONAL&MAGICAL NON RITUALISTIC

15. POLITICS The people of Kerala are very fond of politics Religious leaders have high influence in Kerala political movements. For many Keralites it's nostalgic to remember the political discussions and debates they had done in the ' chaya kada ' in their younger ages.

16. KERALA MODERN SOCIETY highest literacy rate and education level in the country the Kerala society has moved from its agricultural background. Although Kerala remains fairly liberal in its outlook and open to modern ideas , and technological changes, the State largely remains conservative on social issues.

17. ELEPHANTS IN KERALA CULTURE The Elephants of Kerala are an integral part of the daily life in Kerala. These Indian elephants are given a prestigious place in the state's culture. They are often christened names by which they're known across the entire state. often referred to as the 'sons of the sahya '

18. OCCUPATION AGRICULTURE FISHING HUMAN POTENTIAL EXPORTS TOURISM

19. CLOTHING SYNONOMOUS WITH SIMPLICITY- WHITE&OFF WHITE , Kanchipuram Silk and Benares Silk sarees are highly preferred. The most traditional costume for the men of Kerala is the “ Mundu ” which is white in colour. . Women following Hinduism wear a blouse and mundu known as “ Mundu neriyathu ”. Women following Christianity wear a blouse known as “ chatta ” and a mundu that folds nicely like a fan at the back. Women following Islam wear a long purdah in deep blue or black shades over their dress, mostly in the central and northern parts of Kerala

20. LANGUAGES PRINCIPLE LANGUAGE -MALYALAM Dravidian group of languages. 90 % people of Kerala speak Malayalam. There are 5 main regional dialects of Malayalam . Other common languages are English and Tamil. These Kerala languages are often interspersed with words from Sanskrit, Latin, Urdu, etc. due to foreign influence.

21. TEMPLES OF KERALA Kerala has a large number of temples. The temples celebrate annual festivals which are not only unique to the region but sometimes have features that are unique to each temple. Each temple describes each interesting history behind its creation. In the Malabar, distinct art form called Theyyam attract tourists, and mini carnivals are also held along with temple festivals.

22. KERALA CUISINE One of Kerala's popular attractions is its delicious Kerala cuisine. The unusual cuisine of Kerala brings to the fore the culinary expertise of the people of Kerala. Producing some of the tastiest foods on earth .

23. LUNCH DISHES Sadya Mean(fish) curry Sadya Sadya is the traditional vegetarian feast of Kerala. Usually served as lunch, it consists of par boiled pink rice, side dishes, savories, pickles and desserts spread out on a plantain leaf. Tradition insists that the tapering end of the leaf points to the left of the seated guest.

24. BREAKFAST DISHES Idiappam & kurma Puttu & kadala(Chickpeas) curry Appam & Kurma Idli with chutney

25. CUISINE Some of the other important side dishes include Thoran and Olan. Desserts are served mid-way through the meal . Payyasam is a thick fluid dish of sweet brown molasses, coconut milk and spices, garnished with cashew nuts and raisins. Olan Thoran

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