kerogen

kerogen

1. Kerogen

2. EVERYTHING in life is starts with a source……. As the source of a plant is a seed just like that the source of oil and gas is a kerogen . The formation of oil and gas is solving like a puzzle each piece of the puzzle must be present. In this game of puzzling the main puzzles are kerogen , time, temprature and pressure. Kerogen

3. As we know that shale is composed of 99% clay and 1% of organic matter . This 1% organic matter further composed of 90% kerogen and 10% of bitumen . As shown.. Kerogen

4. Kerogen : Kerogen is that part of organic matter which is insoluble in non-polar solvents i.e Benzene/methanol, toluene & methylene chlorides etc. Kerogen is a major starting material for most oil and gas generation. Kerogen is a most abundant form of organic carbon on earth i.e 1000x more than coal. Kerogen

5. Ingrediant for generating kerogen : For kerogen to be generated, organic matter must be present in abundance. It comprises mainly algae, plants and animal matters. However, the type and amount of kerogen generation from organic matter depends on: 1) Nature of organic matter…. 2)Abundance of organic matter Etc. Kerogen

6. Kerogen

7. Colour of Kerogen : Kerogen is amorphous and the initial & immature kerogen colour is greenish-yellow . but when kerogen is moving from immature to mature stage & increasing in carbon contents its colour is changes to brown-black or black. Kerogen

8. Chemical Variability Of Kerogen types : Anaerobic bacteria breakdown the organic matter into kerogen which can be Later transform to oil and Gas. we can use Van Krevelen plot to measure the chemical variability of kerogen types. We can plot Atomic H/C vs O/C ratio. Kerogen

9. In this graph we see that the H/C decreased rapidly as Hydrogen rock molecules are crackedoff as Oil or Gas. H/C ratio helps to find the origin of different kerogen … Kerogen

10. Kerogen

11. Classification Of Kerogen : According to Van- krevelen Diagram kerogen can be classified based on the ratio of H/C & O/C into 4 main types … Type I kerogen Type II kerogen Type III kerogen Type IV kerogen Kerogen

12. Type I Kerogen : Type I kerogen is derived mostly from the remain of algae or planktons in marine environment or lakes. When it matures it mostly yield crude oil. They have high proportion of H:C ratio(1.6-1.8) & low O:C ratio(0.06). An example of type 1 kerogen is found in green river formation of USA. Kerogen

13. Type II kerogen : Type II kerogen is derived mostly from the mixture of marine one celled plants and animals in a reducing environment. They are mostly both Oil & Gas prone. They have intermediat H:C & intermediat O:C Their examples can be seen in bazhenov formation of Siberia. Kerogen

14. Type III kerogen : Type III kerogen is derived from the higher land plants, the same type that forms Coal and swamps. This coaly kerogen yields mostly Dry natural gas and has rather low capacity to forms oil. They have low H:C ratio & high O:C ratio. Kerogen

15. Type IV kerogen : Type IV kerogen is derived from the residual organic matter. This type of kerogen has high carbon content and is hydrogen poor. This type of kerogen is may have been altered by combustion or biologic oxidation in swamps or soil. Considered a form of dead carbon. The type IV kerogen has no potiential for generating oil and gas. Kerogen

16. Kerogen

17. Kerogen

18. Thanks For Your Attention Kerogen