Kinds of coinage

It is the process of making uniform coins from metals and stamping them with a specific design as a guaranty of its weight and fineness and the integrity of the country it represents.

1. Coinage It is the process of making uniform coins from metals and stamping them with a specific design as a guaranty of its weight and fineness and the integrity of the country it represents .

2. Kinds of Coinage

3. 1. Gratuitous Coinage or Free Coinage is a system where by money metals or metals be brought by the government mint and converted into standard money without any charge or any expense for minting except for the delay involved in the process.

4. 2. Brassage Is the kind of coinage where the fee charged by the government to mint metals into coins is just sufficient to cover the cost of minting.

5. 2. Limited Coinage Is a system adopted by a country whereby the government converts metals into coins only on its option. Since there is no privilege of free coinage in such case, these coins are the result of what is known as limited coinage. Bear heavy seiniorage charge, there face value is considerably greater than the value of the metal they contain.

6. Key points: PAPER/NOTES: Paper background Design Portrait Color of each denomination Watermark Style and Size of Serial Number Security Fiber Vignette Security Thread Cleanliness

7. COINS Even flow of Metallic Grains High Relief of Letter and Numerals Regularity of reedings and beadings.

8. Genuine vs. Fake The fingers can readily feel the main prints on the front and back of fairly new notes. Embossed effect Generally Smooth. Fingers can hardly feel the main print. The “prints” are mere stains on the coating of the sensitized paper, which is glossy . 1. Paper

9. 2. Portrait Appears life-like. The Eyes Sparkle. Each portrait stands out distinctively from the background. Appears “dead”. Dull , smudgy and poorly printed. Off-color and not of right shade or tone.

10. 3.Watermark Watermark is the same as the colored portrait. Sharp details of the outline of the light and shadow effect are discernable when viewed with the aide of transmitted light . .coarse or harsh and occasional irregular lines and sometimes opaque are very obvious.

11. 4.Security Thread Special thread placed vertically on the paper during manufacture. Faked by means of printing a vertical line on the inner side or by insertion of twine thread.

12. 5.Security Fibers Red and blue fibers are scattered at random on both surfaces and can be readily picked off by any pointed instruments. Stimulated by printed lines, can’t be pick off but can be easily erased by rubber or agitating with wet fingers.

13. 6. Background Designs Multi-colored and are composed of sharp lines which are continuous and traceably even at the joints. Often blurred , rough, blotch on the intersection resulting in the different color scheme making the general appearance faded or darker.

14. 7.Color of each Denomination Lack the vividness of color Polychrome background with one predominant color of each denomination.

15. 8.Serial Number The prefix(s) and numbers are clearly printed. Peculiar style and are uniform in size and thickness. Spacing of numbers is in uniform and alignment is even. The letters and number are poorly printed. Not evenly spaced and are poorly aligned, either too big or too small, too thick or too thin.

16. 9.Vignette The lines and dots composing the vignette are fine, distinct and sharp; the varying color tone gives “bold-look” to the picture that make it “stand out”of the paper. Usually dull or poorly printed. They appear dirty. There's no variation in color tone so the picture appears flat.

17. 10.Cleanliness of Print Printed features is perfect. The lines are very clean and sharp. There are no blurs clung to the sides. Looks dirty due to spattering of ink on the interior area. The shading and ornamentation of the letters and figures are thick and usually merged.