KINEMATICS. Describes motion in terms of displacements, velocity and acceleration. It simply describe “how” an object moves.

KINEMATICS

1. KINEMATICS Lesson 4:

2. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Define and distinguish between key kinematic concepts, including position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Analyze motion using position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time graphs, and convert verbal descriptions of uniform acceleration into mathematical equations. Solve static equilibrium problems and interpret displacement and velocity as areas under velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs.

3. ITPOSINO Refers to the specific location of an object at a particular point in time. POSITION

4. TIME It is a fundamental quantity that measures the progression of events from the past through the present to the future. IMET

5. DISTANCE It is the total path length traveled by an object, regardless of the direction. TANDISEC

6. PLACEIDSNEMT It is the straight-line distance from the initial position to the final position, considering direction. DISPLACEMENT

7. a branch of Physics that deals with the study of the motion of objects. MECHANICS SICHACNEM

8. is the study of force in relation to motion. It explain “why” an object moves. DYNAMICS MNAISCYD

9. EMACITSINK Describes motion in terms of displacements, velocity and acceleration. It simply describe “how” an object moves. KINEMATICS

10. Is the term used in physics for motion in a straight line. It is often described in terms of the three quantities: displacement, velocity and acceleration. TRANSLATIONAL SLTARANLIONAT

11. M echanics Is a branch of Physics that deals with the study of the motion of objects. The study of motion is divided into kinematics and dynamics.

12. DYNAMICS is the study of force in relation to motion. It explain “why” an object moves. KINEMATICS describes motion in terms of displacements, velocity and acceleration. It simply describe “how” an object moves.

13. KINEMATICS the study of motion and how to describe it. Motion is a change in position which can be..

14. Is the term used in physics for motion in a straight line. It is often described in terms of the three quantities: displacement, velocity and acceleration. TRANSLATIONAL

15. In our study of translation , we shall consider the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system as the origin of motion. Position, velocity , and acceleration  :directed to the right  of the origin are considered positive,  while those that are directed to the left  of the origin are considered negative

16. DISPLACEMENT versus DISTANCE

17. DISTANCE refers to the total length of path taken by an object in moving from its initial to final position. DISPLACEMENT refers to the shortest straight-line distance between an object’s initial and final positions, with direction towards the final position.

18. Where: = represent the change in position or displacement = is the final position = is the initial position   DISPLACEMENT

19. DISPLACEMENT : Sample Problem # 1 Starting from ICP, a parade  has to take the following route: 50m, north; 40m, east; and 60 m north. To go back, it has to follow the same route but in the opposite direction. a. What is the total distanced traveled ? b. What is the total displacement?

20. ANSWER: A. TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED= 50m + 40m + 60m + 60m + 40m + 50m = 300m B. The displacement is zero because the parade went back to where it started . If the origin and destination is the same the displacement is zero

21. During football practice, Juan runs 300 meters east, then 200 meters west, and finally 50 meters east again. What is the total distance he runs and his displacement? DISPLACEMENT : Sample Problem # 2

22. Answer: Distance: 300 meters East + 200 meters West + 50 meters East = 550 meters Displacement: 300 meters East - 200 meters West + 50 meters East = 150 meters East

23. DISPLACEMENT : Sample Problem # 3 Find the distance and the displacement travelled by the boy.  

24. VELOCITY versus SPEED

25. SPEED how fast an object going. A scalar quantity that uses distance and is always positive. VELOCITY how fast an object is going in a certain direction. A vector quantity that uses displacement and is can be positive or negative.

26. SPEED is the distance traveled by a body in a given time. Where: s = speed d = distance t = time  

27. SPEED: Sample Problem # 1 1. What is the speed of a bus that travels a distance of 400 km in 8.0 h ? Given :     d= 400 km t= 8.0hr

28. SPEED: Sample Problem # 2 Find the distance traveled by an object if its speed is 25m/s in 50 second Given : s= 25m/s t = 50 s

29. VELOCITY is the time rate of change in position. It is a displacement of a body in a specified time interval. Where: = velocity = displacement = change in time  

30. VELOCITY: Sample Problem # 1 A  car travels with uniform motion from a position of 2.0 km North to a position of 20 km South in 0.5 hours. Solve for the following: a. Displacement covered b. Velocity of the car distance traveled by the car c. Speed of the car

31. VELOCITY: Sample Problem # 1 a. DISPLACEMENT X o = + 2.0 km X f = -20 km Δx = X f – X o = - 20 km – (2.0 km) = - 22 km or 22 South b.V ELOCITY V = Δx / Δt = = - 44 km/h or 44 km /h south c. D istance traveled by the car is 2.0 km + 20 km = 22 km d. S peed of the car is: Speed = = 22KM/0.5h = 44 km/h

32. ACCE LERATION

33. ACCELERATION is the rate of change of velocity because velocity is a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be change in magnitude, a change in direction, or a change in both magnitude and direction

34. ACCELERATION Where: = acceleration = change in velocity = change in time  

35. 1. Plot the velocity in the Y –axis and time in the x-axis 2. Determine the slope, using the formula:   Velocity ( m/s) Time ( sec ) 10 1 20 2 30 3 40 4 50 5 ACCELERATION: Sample Problem # 1

36. Velocity ( m/s) Time ( sec ) 10 1 20 2 30 3 40 4 50 5 Slope 1   = = 10m/s 2 Slope 2 =  = 10 m/s 2 Slope 3 =  = 10m/ s2 SINCE THE SLOPE IS CONSTANT OR EQUAL, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT THE GRAPH REPRESENT A UNIFORM OR CONSTANT ACCELERATION

37. ACCELERATION: Sample Problem # 2 What is the acceleration of a motorcycle that accelerates from 5.0 m/s to  15m/s South in 4.0 seconds?

38. Given : V1 = 5.0 m/s V 2 = 15.0 m/s              t = 4.0 s Unknown : Acceleration A   = =   A  =     = 2.5 m/ s 2 SOLUTION:

39. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOTION

40. Stationary Object Position-Time Graph: The position remains constant over time, indicating no movement. Velocity-Time Graph: The velocity is zero throughout, confirming the object is stationary. Acceleration-Time Graph: The acceleration is also zero, as there is no change in velocity.

41. Uniform Motion Position-Time Graph: The position increases linearly over time, showing constant speed. Velocity-Time Graph: The velocity is constant and non-zero, indicating uniform motion. Acceleration-Time Graph: The acceleration is zero, as the velocity does not change.

42. Motion with Constant Acceleration Position-Time Graph: The position curve is parabolic, indicating increasing speed over time. Velocity-Time Graph: The velocity increases linearly, showing constant acceleration. Acceleration-Time Graph: The acceleration is constant and non-zero, reflecting a steady increase in velocity.

43. TIME DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH

44. DECELERATION always refers to acceleration in the direction opposite to the direction of the velocity. Deceleration always reduces speed. Example: If a car is moving forward and you apply the brakes, the car slows down. Here, the acceleration (deceleration) is in the opposite direction to the car’s velocity.

45. NEGATIVE ACCELERATION is acceleration in the negative direction in the chosen coordinate system. Example: If you define the forward direction as positive, then a car accelerating backward (reversing) has negative acceleration. However, if the car is already moving backward, this negative acceleration actually increases its speed.

46. THANK YOU!