kingdom archaebacteria for grade 8 science

Classification of organisms

1. Archaea Domain: Kingdom Archaebacteria

2. Variety of organisms on Earth 2. ______ means life 3. _______ means variety 4-6. Levels of Biodiversity 7. Different habitats, niches and species interaction 8. Different kinds of organisms, relationship among organisms 9. Different genes and combination of genes within a population 10. Largest category in classifying and naming organisms

3. 11. Smallest category/Group of similar organisms and capable of reproducing their own kind 12-14. Domain System of Classification 15. A process that happens when an entire species permanently disappears 16-20. Threats to Biodiversity 21-28. Hierarchy in Naming and Classifying an Organism 29. Multicellular organism 30. Unicellular Organism

4. 11.They can live in water with a very high concentration of salt. 12. These types of archaebacteria live in hot areas. The water is a very hot/acidic sulfur spring. 13-15. What are the shapes of eubacteria? 16 . known as "true bacteria ," unicellular and microspic .

5. BIODIVERSITY Variety of organisms Coined from the words, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

6. LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY SPECIES DIVERSITY – different kind of organisms GENETIC ORGANISMS – genetic information that organisms contain ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY – different kinds of places where organisms live and the interconnections that bind these organisms together

7. CLASSIFYING AND NAMING ORGANISMS DOMAIN – largest category KINGDOM PHYLUM (plural-phyla) CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS (plural-genera) SPECIES – group of similar organisms and capable of reproducing their own kind

8. 3 DOMAIN SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA – EUKARYOTE – multicellular (the materials are enclosed in a membrane) - includes PROTISTS, FUNGI, PLANTS and ANIMALS PROKARYOTES - unicellular

9. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria are the oldest organism living on earth. They are unicellurar prokaryotes-microbes without cell nucleus and any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells and belongs to the kingdom, Archaea. They were first discovered in 1977 by Carl Woose and George E. Fox and classified as bacteria. Most archaebacteria appear like bacteria, when observed under the microscope. However, they are quite different from bacteria and eukaryotes. Archaebacteria are found in very harsh conditions such as in the volcanic vents or at the bottom of the sea. They can easily survive in such extreme environment at sea vents releasing sulfide-rich gasses, hot spring, or boiling mud around volcanoes.

10. Archaebacteria Environment

11. Archaebacteria Cell

12. - The Archaebacteria kingdom is made up of THREE different kinds of Archaebacteria . Their funtions and structers of their genes are more similar to EUKARYOTES than to Eubacteria.

13. Examples of Archaebacteria

14. •This type of Archaebacteria can survive in places where there is no oxygen and they produce Methane gases. •Places methanogens can be found are: marshes, lake sediments, and digestive tracts of animals. •METHANE is utilized as BIOGAS, a cheap alternative source of energy . Methanogens

15. •Halophiles live in water with a very high concentration of salt. •Halophiles can be found: in Utah's Great Salt Lake and The Dead Sea in the Middle East. Halophiles

16. •Examples are Haloccocus dombrowski and Halobacterium salinarum . Halophiles

17. •These types of archaebacteria live in hot areas. •The water is a very hot/acidic sulfur spring. •It is anaerobic and thrives in the deep cracks of the ocean floor. •It is also a(n) Autotrophic producer. Thermophiles

18. Other information: The word archae came from the Greek word Arkhaion , which means ancient. Archae is also the latin name for prokaryotic cells.

19. - Organisms that belong to this kingdom are all microscopic. They live in various places, some even in the most severe environments. Methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles are examples of archaebacteria .

20. Bacteria Domain: Kingdom Eubacteria

21. Eubacteria Eubacteria , known as "true bacteria," are unicellular and microspic . Their cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate.

22. Eubacteria Cell

23. Types of Eubacteria

24. This bacteria lives about anywhere, including in your body in the form of a parasite. Saprobes feed off of non -living organisms and recycles the nutrients back into the environment where it can be used to create new life. Heterotrophs

25. Obtain energy through photosynthesis. Most are a blue-green color and are often called blue-green bacteria. They get this color from chlorophyll, which is also found in plants. They live in chains in ponds, lakes, and moist regions. Autotrophs

26. Produce energy by converting inorganic matter into organic matter. They break down dead stuff. Chemothrophs

27. Eubacteria Shapes

28. 1. known as "true bacteria," are unicellular and microspic . Identify the shapes of the following bacteria: 2 . Cocci 3 . Spirilla 4 . Bacilli

29. Coccus (plural cocci) can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape Cocci

30. Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus), bacteria Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes (oxygen reliant) Bacilli

31. Spirillum – spiral shape Spirilla

32. Cocci Spirilla Bacilli

33. Cocci Spirilla Bacilli

34. Cocci Spirilla Bacilli

35. Disease Causing Bacteria

36. 19. Propionibacterium acnes 20. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 17. Leptospira interrogans 18. Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Pimple Tuberculosis Leptospirosis

37. 21. Comes from the urine of animals Anthrax Pimple Tuberculosis Leptospirosis

38. 22. Diseases of livestock Anthrax Pimple Tuberculosis Leptospirosis

39. Propionibacterium acnes is the relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, linked to the skin condition acne; PIMPLE Propionibacterium acne

40. causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis . Mycobacterium tuberculosis

41. Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection due to exposure to the spirochete bacterium, Leptospira interrogans . These bacteria are present in the urine and tissues of cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, rats, and wild animals. It has been found out that the largest number of leptospira bacteria are in the urine of rats. Leptospira interrogans

42. Bacillus anthracis is responsible for the disease called anthrax, a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans The disease affects animals like cows and carabaos but can be transmitted to humans. Bacillus anthracis

43. Bacteria with Antibiotic property

44. Streptomycin , an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and certain types of pneumonia is made by Streptomyces griseus . Streptomyces venezuelae on the other hand produces chloramphenicol used in killing bacteria that cause typhoid fever and skin infections.

45. Streptomyces venezuelae is a species of soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptomyces. S. venezuelae is filamentous. In its spore-bearing stage, hyphae perfuse both above ground as aerial hyphae and in the soil substrate. Streptomyces venezuelae

46. Bacteria inside human body

47. - naturally found in the large intestine of humans. It feeds on partially digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestines. Escherichia coli

48. Bacteria in a Yogurt

49. 1. Streptococcus thermophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus is one of several bacteria used for the production of yogurt. It is also found in other naturally fermented products . 2. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

50. Lactobacillus bulgaricus is one of several bacteria used for the production of yogurt. It is also found in other naturally fermented products . Lactobacillus bulgaricus

51. Bacillus anthracis Leptospira interrogans Mycobacterium tuberculosis Propionibacterium acnes DISEASES CAUSING BACTERIA

52. 22. Some members of eubacteria are able to break down or remove pollutants through the process of _______________. 23. Another group of bacteria, the ___________ are plantlike because they have chlorophyll-containing cells . 24. Kingdom Eubacteria belongs in Domain _______. 25. Is eubacteria eukaryote or prokaryote?

53. Some members of eubacteria are able to break down or remove pollutants through the process of bioremediation . Some bacteria can help solve the problem of oil spills in oceans and seas through this technology. Another group of bacteria the cyanobacteria are plantlike because they have chlorophyll-containing cells.

54. Another group of bacteria the cyanobacteria are plantlike because they have chlorophyll-containing cells. Cyanobacteria grow in ditches, esteros , or in moist places like gardens and sidewalls where light is present. In Northern Luzon people eat raw Tab-tab ( Nostoc ) as salad. Spirulina cells are rich in protein, thus, have been grown to produce Single Cell Protein (SCP). It is used as swine and cattle feed and is also recommended as food for humans.

55. Anabaena azollae , another cyanobacterium is important in agriculture. It converts nitrogen in air into compounds usable by plants for growth and development. The same is being done by the Rhizobium group of bacteria. They are present in the root nodules of legumes. Certain bacteria, like Bacillus thuringiensis , have been developed into a microbial pesticide. It is used to control pests and and insects carrying disease-causing organisms.

56. 23. Bacteria inside human body Propionibacterium acnes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Eschirichia Coli

57. 24. Bacteria in a Yogurt Mycobacterium tuberculosis Eschirichia Coli Lactobacillus bulgaricus

58. 13-15. What are the shapes of eubacteria?

59. 25. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 26. Eschirichia Coli 27. Lactobacillus bulgaricus 28. Propionibacterium acnes 29. Leptospirosis interogans 30. Cyanobacteria

60. Short Activity ½ crosswise 1-20

61. 1) What is the oldest organism living on earth without nucleus? 2) What kind of environment does archaebacteria have? 3,4,5) What are the three examples of archaebacteria ? 6) Eubacteria is also known as? 7) What traits that eubacteria has, the same as archaebacteria interms of cell structure?

62. 8,9,10) What are the shapes of eubacteria? 11) What kind of bacteria that obtains energy through Pphotosynthesis ? 12) This kind of bacteria lives anywhere including human body. 13)It produces energy by converting inorganic matter into organic matter, what kind of bacteria is this?

63. 14) Streptomyces griseus and streptomyces venezuelae has what kind of propert ? 15) What kind of disease does Bacilus Anthracis caused? 16) Lactobacillus Bulgaricus can be found at what dairy product? 17) What bacteria are inside humans body? 18) What kind of shape does bacilli have?