Kingdom Bacteria

There are 6 kingdoms. Eubacteria is one them.

1. What are the characteristics of organisms in
Kingdom


Did you know….
There are more bacteria living inside your mouth than
there are people living on earth.


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Quick Review

2. Three-Domains
In the the three-domain system of classification, all known
organisms belong to one of three domains:
Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.



Where do bacteria live?
Look at the pictures below and click on the picture(s) if
you think bacteria can survive there.

Ocean - Salty Water

Food

Human Skin

Air

3. Bacteria are remarkably adaptable, they live almost
everywhere.


A shovelful of soil contains billions of bacteria!

4. Bacteria are used to make many different types of food,
including sausages, pickles, some dairy products, and
breads.



Quick Review

Organisms are classified into six kingdoms
based on identifiable characteristics.

The six kingdoms areArchaebacteria,
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia.

An organism has characteristics that are unique
to the particular kingdom to which it belongs.

5. Lactic acid bacteria ferment the lactose in milk to
preserve the flavor of food such as buttermilk, sour cream
and yogurt.



Other bacteria are used to make cheese. In Swiss cheese,
bacteria grow in the cheese as it forms and releases gases.
As the cheese hardens the pockets of gas remains giving
the cheese its characteristic holes.


When bacteria ferments cucumbers and cabbage you get
pickles and sauerkraut. The lactic acid produced by the
bacteria flavors and perserves these foods.

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Explain

Kingdom Eubacteria is located in Domain Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled, prokaryotic organisms that
occur alone or in chains or groups belonging to Kingdom
Eubacteria. They are smaller than plant or animal cells.
They are sometimes referred to as the "true bacteria."

7. Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of
organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments.
They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of
animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth's
surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to
be covered with bacteria. The total number of bacteria in
the world is amazing. It's estimated to be five million
trillion trillion. You have more bacteria in and on your
body than you have body cells!

Structure of Bacterial Cells
Bacteria normally have three basic shapes:

Bacteria Shapes

1. Coccus (pl.Cocci) Spherical

8. 2. Bacillus (pl.Bacilli) Rod Shaped

3. Spirilum (pl.Spirilla) Spiral Shaped




Structure of Bacterial Cells
A typical bacterial cell is surrounded by a rigid cell wall
that protects the cell and is covered by a sticky, protective
coating called a capsule. They do not containa membrane-
bound nucleus. The cell's genetic material, DNA is free-
floating and located in the cytoplasm. Many bacteria have
a smaller circular piece of DNA callled a plasmid. Bacteria
can move around using flagellaor cilia. Some bacteria have
shorter and thicker outgrowth called pili.

9. Characteristics of Bacteria

All Bacteria:
 are unicellular.
 are prokaryotic.
 lack a nucleus.
 lack membrane-bound organelles.
 aerobe and anaerobe metabolic abilities
 single circular chromosome - plasmid
 reproduction by binary fission or conjugation
 can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

10. Reproduction in Bacteria
Under ideal conditions, bacteria can reproduce as often as
once every 20 minutes. Fortunately, growing conditions
are rarely ideal otherwise, their would soon be no room on
earth left for any other organisms. Some bacteria
reproduce asexually through a process calledbinary fission.
While some bacteria reproduce sexually through a process
called conjugation.






Attribution:
Images from Creative Commons


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11. Role of Bacteria
Most bacteria that cause disease are in the eubacteria
kingdom. The eubacteria contain all of the bacteria that
cause disease as well as the bacteria that are beneficial. it
affects living thing things in many ways. and plays a key
role in digestion, decomposition of organic materials and
food. Bacteria have an important role to play in breaking
down materials in the environment.


Not all bacteria are good. Some bacteria can cause food
poisoning or infection. Some are harmful and break down
material we'd rather keep, like this image of necrotizing
fascitis (flesh eating bacteria).

"Good" Bacteria
These are just a few examples of the bacteria that play a
beneficial—and often essential—role in the lives of living
organisms.



"Bad" Bacteria

12. Not all bacteria are beneficial. Some can cause illness,
disease, and even death. These are just a sample of
bacteria that harm other living organisms.

Bacteria Disease Symptoms Images
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Lyme
disease
"bulls-eye"
rash,
headaches,
fatigue,
and chills

Salmonella

food
poisoning

abdominal
cramping,
diarrhea,
vomiting,
and fever


Streptococcus
strep
throat
swollen
and
painful
throat, pus
on tonsils,
fever, and
headache

13. Producer Eubacteria
Eubacteria can also be grouped based on how they obtain
their food. There are producers and consumers eubacteria.
The Cyanobacteria is a producer that makes its own food.
The image to the left is cyanobacteria
that contains chlorophyll and blue pigment. This
combination of cyanobacteria is called blue-green bacteria.
Some cyanobacteria are yellow, black or red.
Consumer Eubacteria
Consumer eubacteria are placed in two categories based
on the results of the Gram's stain. Bacteria that stains
purple are gram-positive and can be treated with
antibiotics. In contrast, bacteria that stain pink are gram-
negative and difficult to treat with antibiotics.

14. Gram-positive Gram-negative


Attribution:
Cyanobateria Image from Creative Commons

Evaluate

Driving Question:
What are the characteristics of
organisms in Kingdom Bacteria?
You will complete the attached
lab, pay close attention to the rubric on
the last page. You will submit your

15. answers to the Kingdom Eubacteria
dropbox.