Kingdom monera

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1. Kingdom Monera Monera are the only kingdom composed of prokaryotic organisms The major group of this kingdom is the bacteria that have a cell wall, and lack both membrane- bound organelles and multi-cellular forms Bacteria may be solitary cells, filamentous, or colonial, Aerobic or anaerobic, Autotrophic or heterotrophic Other groups of Monera include the cyanobacteria (autotrophic) and eubacteria (heterotrophic) The Archaebacteria , the most ancient of this kingdom, are so different that they may belong to a separate kingdom 1

2. Size Bacterial cells are very small, about 1-2µm in diameter and 10 µm long One micrometer = 1/1000 mm. Imagine looking at a dime from its thinnest side and trying to slice it into a thousand pieces; that is the same as 1 µm.

3. Shapes of Prokaryotes Cocci = spherical (round) Bacillus = (rod shaped) Spirilla = helical (spiral)

4. Shapes 3 basic shapes Cocci - sphere Bacilli - rods Spirilla – spirals 2 basic groupings Staph - in clusters Strep - in chains Spiral Rod shaped Spherical Streptococcus sp. Chains of nearly-spherical bacteria. From The Rockefeller University. This spiral shaped bacteria is the causitive agent of syphilis Treponema pallidum

5. Bacterium Shapes Cocci~ Sphere shaped bacteria Bacillus~ Rod shaped bacteria Spirrillium ~ Spiral shaped bacteria Flagella~ Leg-like structures that help to propel the bacterium.

6. 2. Lack membrane-bound organelles inside the cell

7. 3. have few internal structures that are distinguishable under a microscope.

8. 4. genetic information is in a circular loop called a plasmid E. coli cell dividing. E. Coli Grows in human intestine; Has a single, circular chromosome contains DNA as plasmids Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA

9. 5. Strong cell walls: resistant to environmental changes