Know Your Behavior: 6 Attitudes Of Science/ Philosophical Assumptions of Behavior & Pragmatism

Determinism
Empiricism
Parsimony
Experimentation
Replication
Philosophic Doubt
Pragmatism

1. Know Your Behavior Applied Behavior Analysis

2. What is Science? “a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world as evidenced by description, prediction, and control that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its prime directive , experimentation as its basic strategy , replication as its necessary requirement for believability , parsimony as its conservative value , and philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience .” (Cooper )

3. We are going to focus on: 6 Assumptions and Attitudes of Science & Pragmatism

4. Determinism Definition Fundamental Assumption Cause and an Effects Universal Law Example Gravity is universal Law If you pushed the pen, it will fall on the floor. (all the time) If you put water on stove, it will boil when reach 100 degrees and start evaporating.

5. Empiricism Definition Prime Directive Facts No subjects Biased Opinioned Emotional Influence Example Empiricism Dolphins are type of marine mammals. They swim in the oceans and sea and rivers.  They produce a variety of vocalizations, usually in the form of clicks and whistles They are highly social animals, often living in pods of up to a dozen individuals. Non- Empiricism Dolphins are so cute and beautiful. Dolphins are much better than seals.

6. Parsimony Definition Its Conservative Value Explain The Event in Simple Form Example George heard a thunder in the sky. He said, an alien ship is landing.

7. Experimentation Definition Basic Strategy At least two conditions to compare the effect of one subject Experimental Analysis Example Dr. M experimented with the drug called “501” to test if this drug can improve the heart rate of rats.

8. Replication Definition Necessary Requirements for Believability Determine the Reliability How scientist discover their mistakes and self correcting it. Example Dr. M tested the experiment ten times to makes sure that the drug called “501” used to improve heart rates in rats, and there were no mistakes. She gave the study to Dr. P to see if he can duplicate the same experiment and get the same result.

9. Philosophic Doubt Definition Double as Its Guiding Conscience Science must continue investigate and question the truth. Example After Dr. P studied the experiment, he discovered it was true the drug improves the heart; however, the drug increases the blood sugar, and it can be fatal to rats with diabetes. He said to Dr. M, “We need to find another drug that doesn’t increase blood sugar.”

10. Pragmatism Definition Practical approach of things not theoretical. The realistic and efficient approach. Example Suzy having a tantrum and throwing things on floor. Teacher 1 (Pragmatism Approach ): Realistic approach response blocking and remove the items from hands. Finding out the Function for the tantrum. Teacher 2 (Theoretical): She said, “Today is a full moon. This is the reason why she is tantruming .”

11. Reference Cooper J.O, Heron T.E, Heward W.L. Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2007.

12. Know Your Behavior Thank You