KUMAR vvjvfunxtjvt Jb ding du mcdf &Raashi.pdf

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1. PRESENTED BY: KUMAR NIRAJ & Raashi
The physiology role of endocrine glands .
Characteristics of the action of hormones
MARI STATEMARI STATE
Medical universityMedical university

2. The endocrine system consists of several glands
that produce and release hormones into the
bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.
Each endocrine gland produces specific hormones
that act on target cells or organs to elicit a
response. Here are some key points about the
physiology role of endocrine glands and the
characteristics of hormone action:

4. Regulation of bodily functions: Endocrine glands, such as the
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and
others, produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, growth
and development, reproduction, stress response, mood, and more.
1.
Hormone production and release: Endocrine glands produce
hormones in response to signals from the brain or other glands.
These hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to
target cells or organs where they exert their effects.
2.

5. 3. Target cells and receptors: Hormones act on specific
target cells or organs that have receptors for the
hormone. Once a hormone binds to its receptor on the
target cell, it triggers a series of cellular responses that
regulate gene expression, protein synthesis, and other
cellular functions.

6. 4. Mechanisms of hormone action: Hormones can exert
their effects through various mechanisms, including:
Altering gene expression: Some hormones enter
target cells and bind to specific receptors in the
nucleus, altering gene expression and protein
synthesis.
Second messenger systems: Other hormones bind to
receptors on the cell membrane, triggering
intracellular signaling pathways that lead to changes in
cell function.

7. Feedback loops: Hormone levels are tightly
regulated through feedback loops involving
the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and target
organs. For example, the hypothalamus
releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit
the pituitary gland's hormone production.

8. 5. Duration of action: The duration of hormone
action can vary depending on the hormone and
its mechanism of action.
Some hormones have rapid effects, while
others have more prolonged effects due to
changes in gene expression and protein
synthesis.

9. 6. Hormone clearance: After exerting their
effects, hormones are cleared from the
bloodstream by the liver or kidneys.
Hormone levels are tightly regulated to
maintain balance and prevent
overstimulation of target cells.

10. In summary, endocrine glands play a vital role in
regulating bodily functions through the production and
release of hormones. Hormones act on target cells or
organs through specific receptors and signaling
pathways to coordinate physiological processes and
maintain homeostasis in the body. Understanding the
characteristics of hormone action is essential for
comprehending how the endocrine system functions and
how hormonal imbalances can lead to health problems.