Kuppuswamy’s socio economic status scale for the year 2014

THIS PRESENTATION DESCRIBES OTHER SCALES USED IN INDIA .USEFUL FOR QUICK REVISION

1. DR REMYA.G COMMUNITY MEDICINE GOVT MCH TRIVANDRUM Kuppuswamy’s Socio-Economic Status Scale for the Year 2014

2. Introduction Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health SES infuences accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and actual utilization of available health facilities.

3. SES- Scales BG Prasad Scale Pareek scale Standard of Living Index (SLI) scale Kuppuswamy scale

4. Kuppuswamy scale Devised by Kuppuswamy in 1976 Important tool in hospital and community based research in India Education of head of family, Occupation of head of the family Income per month from all sources This scale classifies the study populations into high, middle, and low SES Yields a score of 3-29

5. Why revision ? Rupee does not retain the same value each year If it is not revised it will lose its utility. Revision is linked to the All India Average Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW). Mishra , undertook revision of family income per month for 1998 using base year 1982=100 Presently the base year has been changed from 1982 to current base year 2001

6. How to calculate? Current income groups = original family income groups of Kuppuswamy (1976) X current consumer price index X 0.0735 (multiplication factor)

7. CPI(IW) A  consumer price index  ( CPI ) measures changes in the  price  level of a market basket of  consumer  goods and services purchased by households CPI(IW) means Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers. It will be some number between 200 to 300.For example, the CPI(IW) for February 2015 was 253 for the base year 2001   Value of CPI(IW) will usually be for 2 or 3 months prior to the current month.

8. Updated income 2015 2015 CPI 253 1976 >39,020 >2000 19,510-39,019 1000-1999 14,633-19,509 750-999 9755-14,632 500-749 5853-9754 300-499 1971-5852 101-299 1970 <100

9. Limitations of Kuppuswamy’s scale No consideration is given to size of the family: small family with a particular income will have higher SES status than a bigger-sized family with similar income. There is an overemphasis onincome rather than educational and occupational factors. Can be used for urban only.

10. BG P rasad Scale Both rural and urban community Based on per capita monthly income of the family. Simple to calculate

11. Modified BG Prasad Scale Social Class<866 Percapita monthly income BG Prasad 1961 Modified BG Prasad 2015 Upper Class >100 >5775 Upper Middle Class 50-99 2887-5774 Middle Class 30-49 1733-2886 Lower Middle Class 15-29 866-1732 Lower Class <15 <866 CPI 253 as on February 2015 base year 2001

12. Pareek scale Caste Occupation Education Level of social participation of head of the family Landholding Housing Farm power Material possession Total members in the family

13. conclusion No scale is ever complete in assessing actual SES. They Generates uniformity among study population in spite of limitations. Timely revision is needed to maintain its utility.

14. Thank you