KWASHIORKOR-MARASMUS-GROUP-4-1.pptx

Group discussion

1. KWASHIORKOR & MARASMUS S ymptoms, Causes, Biochemical Explanation, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications GROUP 4

2. OBJECTIVES BIOCHEMICAL EXPLANATION (NORMAL VS. DISORDER) KWASHIORKOR VS. MARASMUS COMPLICATIONS 01 02 04 05 OUTLINE SYMPTOMS, CAUSES & TREATMENT SUMMARY & REFERENCES 03 06

3. OBJECTIVES Kwashiorkor and Marasmus At the end of the presentation, the student must be able to: Identify the kwashiorkor and marasmus- their symptoms, causes, treatments, and complications; Identify the biochemical explanation (normal vs. disorder).

4. INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS KWASHIORKOR MARASMUS Weight for age (% expected) 60-80 <60 Weight for height Normal or decreased Markedly decreased Edema Present Absent Mood Irritable when picked up; apathetic when left alone Alert, irritable Appetite Poor Good

5. KWASHIORKOR It is also known as “edematous malnutrition” that serves as a severe form of malnutrition marked by a severe lack of protein.

6. Change in skin and hair color and texture Failure to grow or gain weight Edema (swelling) of the ankles and feet Bloated stomach with ascites Enlarged liver SYMPTOMS Damage immune system Loss of muscle mass Loss of appetite Irritability Mental retardation Dermatitis Dehydration

7. Protein deficiency Significant life stress such as poverty, deprivation, and natural disasters Food insecurity Use of formula milk  World hunger CAUSES Lack of essential vitamins and minerals Inadequate amount of fats and carbohydrates Parasites and infectious diseases, (malaria and measles) Child mistreatment/Cruelty

8. B IOCHEMICAL EXPLANATION

9. N O R M A L D I S O R D E R

10. DIAGNOSIS How can Kwashiorkor be diagnosed? Kwashiorkor can be diagnosed by a blood test and urine test. This can determine the following: Blood sugar and protein levels Arterial blood gas The state of liver and kidneys Levels of vitamins and minerals in the body Growth, body mass index (BMI), body water content

11. TREATMENTS Antibiotics  Gradual increases in dietary calories from carbohydrates, sugars, and fats Gradual increases in dietary protein Intravenous fluids to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances Lactose to assist in digestion of dairy products Vitamins and mineral supplements to treat deficiencies.

12. Steatohepatitis (fatty liver) Cardiovascular system, collapse, hypovolemic shock Urinary tract infections Abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract Metabolic cellular and hypothermia Poor wound healing Skin pigmentation changes COMPLICATIONS

13. It is a severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition. It occurs as a result of total calorie insufficiency. Marasmus is a deficiency of all macronutrients including protein, carbohydrates, and fats. MARASMUS

14. Diarrhea and constipation Apathetic Edema Hair loss Darker and papery skin Arrested growth Weakness S YMPTOMS Anemia Extreme muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat (emaciation).

15. The main causes affecting all ages include: Poverty which leads to food scarcity  Infections that cause chronic diarrhea Wasting diseases such as AIDS Anorexia CAUSES

16. Causes affecting children include: Inadequate breastfeeding or early weaning of infants Child abuse/neglect Causes affecting adults include: Elder abuse/neglect Dementia CAUSES

17. B IOCHEMICAL EXPLANATION

18. Sunken eyes Poor Growth Thin & bony face Ribs clearly visible through the skin N O R M A L D I S O R D E R

19. DIAGNOSIS Healthcare providers will begin by physically examining the person’s body. They generally check if your height and weight are appropriate for your age Measurements, such as height and weight can help determine whether a child has marasmus. The most obvious physical characteristic of marasmus is the visible loss of muscle and fat A lack of motion in malnourished child may also help confirm a diagnosis of marasmus

20. TREATMENTS Clinical treatment for marasmus includes the following: Re hydration Stabilization Nutritional rehabilitation and follow-up

21. Gastrointestinal malabsorption Cardiac failure and arrhythmia Urinary tract infection Endocrinological infection Electrolyte abnormalities and risk of developing refeeding syndrome Hypotension COMPLICATIONS

22. Hypothermia Respiratory infection Diarrhea, Dermatosis, and low hemoglobin level Loss of subcutaneous fat  Absence of Edema Severe vitamin A deficiency commonly results in blindness COMPLICATIONS

23. SUMMARY

24. REFERENCES

25. ALVEYRA, JOHN MICHAEL S. CASTILLO, RICA MAE G. DUMASIG, JANELLE Z. HIMOR, RHIA A. MALIGALIG, KIM CHARLES F. MERCADO, LORRAINE ASHLEY D. PAGLINAWAN, ANGELIKA C. SORIANO, GWENETH ANN T. VELARDE, ALEXADRA AYNE MEMBERS

26. THANK YOU!