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1. WHAT IS GENDER AS A SOCIAL STRUCTURE??

2. COMPONENTS OF GENDER AS A SOCIAL STRUCTURE

3. Gender roles in society means how we’re expected to act, speak, groom and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex.

4. ANCIENT TIMES

5. MEDIEVAL PERIOD

6. MARRIAGE and FAMILY ROLE Marriage happened very early, even earlier if the girl was a noble. A noble girl would be married between the ages of 12 and fifteen Men were seen as the head of household the authorities and decision maker Women were expected to bear and raised children and take care the domestic affairs of house

7. POLITICS Marriage were arranged by powerful families to alliances and women were treated as property and traded Although highborn women had status and power their value was assessed according to their ability to carry on the bloodline of men Queens and other female royalty held leadership position but few women held sovereign power until the late middle ages

8. RELIGIOUS LIFE and GENDER Women rarely mere allowed to occupy high position in the official church hierarchy Some of the most influential women of the medieval period used the cloistered life to gain education and wield influence

9. GENDER and URBANIZATION European urbanized towards the end of 13 th century, this changed somewhat . In powerful city states like Florence both men and women gain skill to hold professional position including professors and writers In this urban areas a tradition of “COURTLY LOVE” developed in which men began courting women with romantic poetry and music Woman living in urban areas had to wear headdress whenever they left their homes. The headdress could be a veil or a hood Woman also had to wear long cloaks that covered them entirely. The cloaks were called mantles. Honorable women never left home without wearing them

10. RENAISSANCE PERIOD

11. Women were controlled by her parents from the day she was born until the day she is married In Renaissance period women were considered to legally belong to their husband

12. THREE TYPES OF WOMEN DURING RENAISSANCE PERIOD (UPPER CLASS) They have servant and workers working for them (LOWER CLASS) Expected to work for their husband and help them run their businesses then go home to take care house chores (SINGLE) If women was single she was made to move in with one of her male relatives or join a convent and become a nun there was no option at this time for women

13. MEN ROLES DURING RENAISSANCE Based on research of (MONTROSE 68) R enaissance m en basically functioned as the ruling voice over all aspects of society….all forms of public and domestic authority in Elizabeth E ngland were vested in men; in father, husband, teachers, master, preacher and magistrates

14. MEN ROLES DURING RENAISSANCE Based on ( Candem , 112) the role of the husband is one of the authority and dominance although the first duty which the husband has toward the wife is to love her Second is to rule or govern his wife in all duties that properly belong to marriage using his knowledge, wisdom, judgment to maintain himself in the place that God intended him to have

15. ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD

16. Through some, enlightenment thinkers, like rousseau, still claimed womens only true role was as mother, wife, and houskeeper, others began to think women deserved to be granted the same universal rights and liberties enlightenment thinkers conferred to all men

17. GENDER ROLE DURING POST-MODERNIZATION PERIOD

18. Gender roles where created based on the needs of society

19. Three main types of Gender roles Traditional the man works and the woman takes care of the children and the house Egalitarian The man and Woman equal in everything Transitional the man works and is the bread winner but the woman can work if she wants to

20. SOCIALIZATION PROCESSES Are mechanism through which individuals learn and internalize gender norms, roles and expectation. this include socialization within families, peer groups, educational institutions, and religious institutions.

21. GENDER IDENTITY How person feels and who they know themselves to be when it comes to their gender, which may or may not align with the sex they were assigned at birth

22. GENDER STEREOTYPES Generalized belief or assumption about the characteristic and behaviors of men and women

23. GENDER INEQUALITY According to the European commission(2004) Gender inequality is a legal, social and cultural situation in which sex and/or gender determine different rights, as well as the assumption of stereotyped social and cultural roles

24. GENDER EQUITY Defind by the European institute for gender equality is the provision of fainess and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsiblities between women, men and all genders

25. INTERSECTIONALITY Interconnected social categories (race, class, gender, sex and even occupation and disability) creates an interdependent forms and systems of discrimination and oppression

26. Theoretical perspectives that offer insights into the construction and perpetuation of gender as a social structure

27. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Way of understanding how people create and interpret the world around them through symbols, like language, gesture and objects

28. LIBERAL FEMINISM Aims for gender equality through legal and political reform within existing system/laws. It focused on equal rights and opportunities for women in areas like education , employments and politics

29. RADICAL FEMINISM Aims to completely change society to get rid of gender inequality. It sees the current social structure as the main problem and wants to remove traditional expectations and stereotypes related to gender

30. SOCIOLIST/MARXIST FEMINISM It argues that the economic system reinforce gender roles by segregating jobs and valuing men work over women

31. QUEER THEORY States that gender is ever changing / Confusion of gender identity

32. POST STRUCTURALISM Language and discourse are essential in understanding gender and their perspective roles, thus, creating equalities and or inequalities

33. GENDER SCHEMA THEORY The idea of gender was established by our own cultural background

34. FUNCTIONALISM States that gender roles stabilizes and society and maintains order Roles are based on biological differences and contributes to the smooth-running society

35. References https://www.ipl.org/essay/Men-And-Women-The-Role-Of-Women-P3SFFR74SJFR#:~:text=In%20ancient%20times%2C%20there%20is,pressured%20to%20stay%20at%20home. https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/thesaurus/terms/1262?language_content_entity=en https://unitedwaynca.org/blog/what-is-gender-equity/#:~:text=What%20Does%20Gender%20Equity%20Mean,opportunity%20based%20on%20their%20gender. https://16daysactivism.genwest.org.au/challenges/actions/learn-what-the-patriarchy-is/#:~:text='Gender%20equality'%20means%20equal%20outcomes,of%20historical%20and%20social%20disadvantages.

36. https://classroom.synonym.com/gender-roles-during-medieval-times-12082389.html https://www.ipl.org/essay/Men-And-Women-The-Role-Of-Women-P3SFFR74SJFR#:~:text=In%20ancient%20times%2C%20there%20is,pressured%20to%20stay%20at%20home. https://www.fao.org/3/y5608e/y5608e01.htm#:~:text=Gender%20relations%20are%20the%20ways,and%20sustainable%20use%20of%20agrobiodiversity. https://accessdl.state.al.us/AventaCourses/access_courses/sociology_ua_v17/02_unit/02-04/02-04_learn1_text.htm#:~:text=Social%20structure%20gives%20us%20the,our%20police%20to%20protect%20us.

37. https://www.simplypsychology.org/radical-feminism-vs-liberal-feminism.html https://www.ipl.org/essay/Men-And-Women-The-Role-Of-Women-P3SFFR74SJFR#:~:text=In%20ancient%20times%2C%20there%20is,pressured%20to%20stay%20at%20home https://www.slideshare.net/MardhiahHayatiRahim/gender-role