L1 u 1 HEALTH SERVICE MANAGEMENT (1).pptx

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1. Introduction to management 1

2. Learning objectives At the end of the chapter the students will be able to: Define the terms health, health system, management, organization, goals, Explain the rational of mgt in the health sector Discuss the concepts and principles of management Analyze the relationship between management and environment 2

3. Activities 5 minute Health? Health care? Health service? Organization? Health service organization? Goal? 3

4. Definitions of terms What is health? Health care: It is the total societal effort , undertaken in the private and public sectors, focuses on pursuing health . Health services – are specific activities undertaken to maintain or improve health or to prevent decrements of health. Can be preventive, promotive, acute, chronic, restorative or palliative in nature Can be public or personal 4

5. Definitions of terms cont’d… Health systems All health service organization, people and actions whose primary purpose is to improve health. WHO, 2000 Health service organizations Entities that provide the organizational structure within which the delivery of health services is directed to consumers. 5

6. Definitions of terms cont’d… What is organization mean? work together in a structured way to achieve a specific goal or set of goals. Believing there is a benefit working together to achieve a common goal What does goal mean ? Goals :The purpose that organization strives to achieve. Goal is the fundamental element of an organization. 6

7. Definitions of terms cont’d… 7 Organizational goals are important for at least four reasons: 1. Goals Provide A Sense Of Direction . 2. Goals Focus Our Efforts. 3. Goals Guide Our Plans And Decisions. 4. Goals Help Us Evaluate Our Progress.

8. What do all organizations need to achieve goals? To achieve goals all organizations should Have a method and Have to acquire and allocate resources Thus the need for management. 8

9. Brain storming What is management? 9

10. What is Management? 10

11. What is Management? It is impossible to provide a single, comprehensive , universally accepted definition of management. Has been defined in ways that appear different but with a strong underlying similarity . Management is: It is the process of accomplishing predetermined objectives through the effective use of human, financial, and technical resources (Longest Jr., Rakich , & Darr , 2000). 11

12. What is Management? Cont’d… WHO “On Being in Charge” Getting things Getting things done through people. The efficient use of resources. Getting people to work harmoniously together and to make efficient use of resources in order to achieve objectives. 12

13. What is Management? Cont’d… Samuel C. Certo : “Modern Management” It is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources. The process of planning , organizing , staffing , leading , and controlling the work of organization members and using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals. 13

14. What is manager? What is manager? A manager is a person who plans, organizes, leads and controls human, financial, and other resources to meet organizational goals. In the healthcare system organizational goals can include: treating patients safely and cost-effectively preventing the spread of disease through programmes such as health education or vaccination campaigns promoting the health and well-being of a population through legislation and policymaking 14

15. Rational for management Proper health planning and health services management skill is an important tool to bring about change in the health care system . Resources are scarce urging the need for proper skills in planning and management for efficient utilization . Difficulty to address all health problems at a time demands prioritize problems . 15

16. Importance of Management Management is essential for all kinds of organization and It is necessary function for; To making of decisions , the coordinating of activities , the handling of people and, Evaluating the performances directed towards its objective 16

17. Characteristics of Management 17 Universal : It applies every where Continuous process : Carried out through out the budget year. Dynamic: Changes from one form to another Pervasive : practiced in every organization

18. Concepts and Principles in Management In the process of fulfilling his/her managerial duties the manager would apply the following concepts and principles Concepts 1. Effectiveness(doing the right thing) Effectiveness is the degree to which a stated objective is being achieved. It is something that management tries to improve Doing the right things in the right way at the right times 18

19. Concepts………. 2. Efficiency (doing things right) :- It is concerned with the balanced use of resources The ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives. Is about reaching ends by only the necessary means or by the least wasteful use of resources 19

20. Efficiency and Effectiveness cont’d… 20 Goal Attainment Effectiveness (Ends) Resource Usage Management Strives for: Low Resource Waste (high efficiency) High Goal Attainment (high effectiveness) Efficiency (Means) Low Waste High Attainment

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22. Activity Suppose Amhara Regional Health Bureau planned to immunize 2000 children under the age of five years during the first six months of 2009. The budget set was 50,000 birr. After implementing the campaign, it was found that the actual budget used (including shifting funds from other sources) was 100,000 birr. The region immunized 2000 children during the planned six-month period. Do you think this region utilized its resources efficiently? Do you think they were effective? 22

23. Concepts ………. 3. Economy of Scarce Resources : Often many, resources are scarce and costly thus we have to economize &use based on priority need. 4 Work Relations :- Work activities should be designed and structured so as to support each other towards the achievement of objectives 5 Information Management needs information to make the right decision for action. At the same time, information can easily handicap Management, if it is not the right kind, at the right time and& in the right hands. 23

24. Principles of management 1. Management by Objective Management sees that objectives are specified then that they are achieved. The objectives should state: What is to be accomplished? How much of it? Where it is to be done. When it is be completed. 24

25. Principles of management cont’d… 2. Learning from Experience Analysis of the results between the objectives and achievement made. For better performance there should be feedback to learn from experience. 3. Division of Labour Management attempts to bring about balance of work among the different work and among the different people concerned 25

26. Principles of management cont’d… 4. Substitution of Resources Often when the resources that are normally used to provide service became scarce or too expensive, different resources may be used to provide the intended results . 5. Convergence of Work Working relations should contribute to the success of each activity and so to general effectiveness 26

27. Principles of management cont’d… 6.Functions Determine Structure When the work is defined i.e. the function and duties of the individual members of the team are clearly defined and known to all, the working relations (structure) follow. The exact nature of authority will be clearly delineated on the structure. 7.Delegation Delegation takes place when somebody’s authority is lent so as to enable that person to take responsibility when the occasion arises. 27

28. Principles of management cont’d… 8.Management by Exception Do not be overloaded with the routine and unnecessary information, be selective and making big decision first. In short management by exception means: Selectivity in information and priority in decision 9. Shortest Decision-path This principle deals with issues like: Who should make which decision? When and where? Decision must be made as closely as possible in time and place to the object of decision and to those affected by it. 28

29. Management and Environment: Health service organizations exist in the larger environment they are not isolated. They are affected by the external environment and vice versa. relationship between managerial functions and the environment occur because organizations are open systems They acquire their inputs from the environment in the form of:- Human Resource Information Materials Technology Finances Time 29

30. Management and environment…. External environment : All elements outside an organization that are relevant to its operation Internal environment All elements inside an organization that are relevant to its operation 30

31. Reading assignment What is the difference between management and administration? 31

32. Thank you very much !!!