Laboratory

SCIENCE LABORATORY: DEFINITION, IMPORTANCE, PRINCIPLE, PHYSICS LABORATORY, BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY with examples and flow diagram..

1. LABORATORY Prepared By: GUNJAN SHARMA Assistant Professor

2. A ROOM OR BUILDING EQUIPPED FOR SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS, RESEARCH, OR TEACHING, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRUGS OR CHEMICALS. LABORATORY: DEFINITION

3. Laboratories are one of the characteristic features of education at all levels. It would be rare to find any education course without a substantial component of laboratory activity.  It is taken for granted that experiment work is a fundamental part of education course. Thus the development of experiment skills among the students is often a suggested justification. Enabling students to personally experience the joy of discovering principles and relationships. Allowing students to actually engage in doing rather than being a passive observer or recipient of knowledge in the learning process.

4. OBJECTIVES OF SCIENCE LABORATORY Development of scientific concept and principles. Development of scientific skill attitude interest and appreciation. Training in scientific method. Awakening the maintenance of curiosity in the environment. Making abstract scientific understanding. Reliability and accurate test result. Consistent monitoring and evaluation of the laboratory performance. The implementation and follow-up of corrective actions for non conformance to procedure.

5. General rules and regulation of laboratory Know emergency exit routes. Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals. Minimize all chemical exposures. No horseplay will be tolerated. Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic. Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory. Use equipment only for its designated purpose. Combine reagents in their appropriate order, such as adding acid to water. Avoid adding solids to hot liquids. All laboratory personnel should place emphasis on safety and chemical hygiene at all times. Never leave containers of chemicals open. All containers must have appropriate labels. Unlabeled chemicals should never be used. Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals. Designated and well-marked waste storage locations are necessary. No cell phone or ear phone usage in the active portion of the laboratories, or during experimental operations. Avoid wearing jewelry in the lab as this can pose multiple safety hazards.

6. Psychology Laboratory Computer laboratory Language Laboratory Social Science Laboratory Mathematics Laboratory Physical Science Laboratory Biological Science Laboratory TYPES OF LABORATORY

7. IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY WORK The laboratory helps the students in the development of a new skill. Laboratory exercise them in scientific thinking that develop scientific attitude and scientific method are as a result of laboratory work. The teacher comes into closer contact with the individual and help them to bring out their difficulties. The achievements of modern science are mainly due to the application of experimental method. In doing laboratory work the student get a chance for activity both physical and intellectual and they are learning by doing.

8. Laboratory Interest and good experience Scientific Development Mental and physical activity Practical Knowledge

9. PRINCIPLES OF LABORATORY CONSTRUCTION o The laboratory should be compact in arrangement but at the same time capable of expansion to meet the growing needs of the school. o Fittings and furniture should be planned to be convenient for use and economical in the long run. o The arrangements of furniture should ensure ease of Supervision and proper lighting . o There should be enough storage accommodation and Sufficient wall space should be left for additional fixtures.

10. LABORATORY SAFE CLEAN SECURE ENOUGH SPACE EFFECTIVE WELL ORGANISED

11. Physical Science Laboratory: This helps the student to develop a broad array of basic skills and tools of experimental physics and data analysis. It helps the students to understand the role of direct observation in physics and to distinguish between inferences based on theory and the outcomes of experiments and develop collaborative learning skills that are vital to success in many lifelong endeavours . It gives the student an appreciation of the way chemistry, as a science, works. Above all, the aims offer possibilities where the student learner can be challenged to think, to argue, to weigh evidence, to explore chemical ideas. There is an opportunity to make chemistry real, to illustrate ideas and concepts, to expose theoretical ideas to empirical testing, to teach new chemistry and as a source of evidence in enquiry and to learn how to devise experiments which offer genuine insights into chemical phenomena. It helps to learn the skills of observation and the skills of deduction and interpretation. The Intellectual stimulation is connections with the ‘real world’, raising enthusiasm for chemistry.

12. Biological Science Laboratory:  The study of biology provides students with opportunities to develop an understanding of our living world. Biology is the study of life and its evolution, of organisms and their structures, functions, processes, and interactions with each other and with their environments. The knowledge of biology includes scientific data, concepts, hypotheses, theories, methodology, use of instruments, and conceptual themes. The students will use the processes and materials of science to construct their own explanation of biological phenomena. They observe, collect data and interpret data of life processes, living organisms, and/or simulations of living phenomena. The distinction between laboratory and traditional classroom learning is that activities are student-centered, with students actively engaged in hands-on, minds-on activities using laboratory or field materials and techniques.

13. Key Points Since laboratories were introduced in the late 1800s, the goals of high school science education have changed. Today, high school science education aims to provide scientific literacy for all as part of a liberal education and to prepare students for further study, work, and citizenship. Educators and researchers do not agree on the definition and goals of high school science laboratories or on their role in the high school science curriculum. The committee defines high school science laboratories as follows: laboratory experiences provide opportunities for students to interact directly with the material world (or with data drawn from the material world), using the tools, data collection techniques, models, and theories of science.

14. QUESTIONS

15. THANK YOU