Laboratory Animal Used In Pharmacological Experiment.

In this topic I tried to provide some list of animals which is used in pharmacological experiment or clinical research purpose.

1. Subject-PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY ANIMALS USED IN PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENT Prepared By: Miss.Wagh Akanksha SY.D.Pharmacy Enroll NO. -26 Guided By: Mr.Chaudhari Amit.A Assistant Professor M.Pharm Matoshri Institute of Pharmacy,Dhanore ( Yeola ), Nashik , A.Y-2022-23

2. Experiment No-02 Aim - Study of laboratory animals Laboratory animals laboratory animals are broadly divided into three categories. Rodents: Mice (mouse) , Rat,Guinea pig, Gerbil,Hamster etc. Non - Rodents-Rabbit, Monkey, Dog, Cat, pig,etc Miscellaneous: Frog, Pigeon, Zebra, fish, chicken etc.

3. Any or every animals is not suitable for experimental work their base on selection following criteria Size: smaller animals are preferred because they are easy to handle an less quantity of drug required. Availability :Animals which are commonly available should be selected, e.g - frogs, rat, rabbit, dogs.. Sensitivity: Animals which are sensitive to drugs under trial e.g - guinea pig is sensitive to effect of histamine Species: In rabbits intracerebro ventricular injection 5_HT induces a lowering of temperature, but in cat, it induces fever .

4. Common Experimental/laboratory Animals Mice or Mouse (Must musculus ) The swiss albino strain of mice is commonly used experimental animals. They are smallest, cheap and easy to handle. Mice are also easy to breed and maintain.

5. Experimental Use Adult weight :20-25gm Age suitable for experiment:2 months They are sensitive to most of the drugs used in experimental pharmacology Mice are used extensively in toxicity ,assay of insulin , testing of analgesics , CNS active drugs and chemotherapeutic agents. More recently mouse brain as well as primary cell culture of mouse spinal cord neuron is used in neuropharmacology for studying neurotransmitters receptors functions Mice use their tail to help in thermoregulation .

6. 2 Rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) Albino rat (Sub- group,Wistar and Sprague Dawley rat) is the commonest laboratory animal used in experimental pharmacology. It suitable experimental because of small size and greater sensitivity to most drug. It is small in size compared to other animals so drugs are required in small quantity. Do not vomit due to strong sphincter between the stomach and oesophagus and lack of vomiting centre ,so drug can be administers orally. Gall bladder and tonsils are absent . B ecause of the absence gall bladder in the rat there is continuous flow of bile into the intestine.

7. Experimental Use Adult weight :180-200 gm Age suitable for most of the experiment:1.5 month. Psycho pharmacological studies. Study of analysis of anticonvulsant. Chronic study on blood pressure. Gastric secretions studies. Acute an chronic toxicity studies . Tail of rat help in the thermo regulation.

8. Note Baby Rats Baby rat has blunted and broad large head relative to body whereas. Baby rat have small ears . In the baby rat hind rat paw and body ratio is large. Tail is thick and shorter than body length in baby rat . Baby Mice Mice have triangular ,small head relative to body. Mice have large ears. In the baby mice hind paw and body ratio is small. Mice have thin and larger or same length tail as compared to body.

9. Guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus ) It is vary docile animal and easy to raise and maintain. They are highly sensitivity to histamine and penicillin. They are also vary susceptible to tuberculosis and anaphylactic shock. They require exogenous ascorbic acid in diet.

10. Experimental use Adult weight :400-600 Age suitable for experiment :3 months. Evaluation of bronchodilator. Anaphylactic and immunological studies. Study if histamine and antihistaminic. Bioassay of digitalis. Study of tuberculosis and ascorbic acid metabolism. Evaluation of local anaesthetics.

11. Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) Rabbit are also docile animals with large ears. Usually, New Zealand white rabbits are use. They are generally use in pyrogen testing. The enzyme atropine esterase is present in rabbit liver and plasma , so it can tolerate large dose belladonna (atropine). Cardio aortic nerve form a separate depressive nerve. Histamine causes increases blood pressure.

12. Experimental Use Adult weight :1.5-3.2 kg Age suitable for experiment:5.6 months. Pyrogen testing. Bio assay of antidibetics ,curare from drugs and sex hormone. Irritancy test. Screening of antitoxic agents teratogens. Study of miotic and mydriatics . Study of local anaesthetics . Ideal animal for pharmacokinetic studies.

13. Thank you