Laboratory_Animals_Presentation for exp pharmacology

Notes

1. Laboratory Animals: Overview & Guidelines A Comprehensive Study Prepared by [Your Name]

2. Introduction to Laboratory Animals • Laboratory animals are used for scientific research, testing, and education. • They provide insights into disease mechanisms, drug development, and biomedical research. • Ethical and humane treatment is essential in animal research.

3. Types of Laboratory Animals • Rodents: Mice, Rats, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters • Rabbits • Primates (e.g., Monkeys) • Zebrafish • Other species: Dogs, Cats, Pigs, Frogs

4. Why Are Laboratory Animals Used? • Biological similarity to humans (especially mammals). • Controlled environments allow reliable studies. • Certain species develop diseases similar to humans. • Ethical regulations ensure humane treatment.

5. Housing & Environmental Conditions • Species-specific housing with appropriate space. • Proper ventilation, temperature (22-24°C), and humidity (50-70%) control. • Bedding must be absorbent and non-toxic. • Noise levels should be minimized to reduce stress.

6. Nutrition & Water Requirements • Animals should receive a balanced and contamination-free diet. • Water should be fresh, potable, and available at all times. • Proper feeding schedules must be followed.

7. Ethical Guidelines & Regulations • CPCSEA (India) and OECD set standards for animal research. • Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) reviews experiments. • Researchers must follow the 3Rs principle: - Replacement: Use alternatives whenever possible. - Reduction: Use the minimum number of animals. - Refinement: Improve techniques to minimize suffering.

8. Handling & Care of Laboratory Animals • Proper restraint techniques should be used to avoid injury. • Animals should be handled gently to reduce stress. • Veterinarians should regularly monitor animal health.

9. Euthanasia & Humane Endpoints • Euthanasia should be performed humanely to minimize suffering. • Approved methods include: - Overdose of anesthetics - Carbon dioxide exposure - Cervical dislocation (for small animals, by trained personnel)

10. Conclusion • Laboratory animals play a crucial role in scientific research. • Ethical guidelines must be followed to ensure humane treatment. • Proper housing, nutrition, handling, and care are essential. • Researchers must adhere to international regulations and ethical practices.