LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS.DMLT 1ST YEARpptx

COMMONLY USED INSTRUMENTS IN MEDICAL LABORATORY

1. LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS PRESENTED BY PUNAM SAHOO

2. INTRODUCTION Medical laboratories perform several chemical and biological tests on a daily basis. In order to generate accurate and precise results, the labs require a wide range of effective and sophisticated equipment. The complexity and range of equipment required by the lab varies with the applications or tests they need to perform .

3. MICROSCOPE Microscopes are the most commonly found lab instruments .They are used to view micro-sized objects which cannot be seen by naked eye.

4. CENTRIFUGE Centrifuges are commonly found in lab instruments that are used to separate fluids based on their density. T hey sediment particles (cell, bacteria, casts, parasites, blood etc.) suspended in fluid by centrifugal force .

5. Analytical balances Nowadays analytical and electronic are the most popularly used balances in medical laboratory to provide a precision and accuracy for reagent and standard preparation .

6. REFRIGERATORS Refrigerators are physical means of preserving various laboratory specimens. The suppress the growth of bacteria and maintain the specimens with little alteration. In addition to this, they are also used in the medical laboratory to preserve some reagents such as Pregnancy test kits Rapid plasma regain (RPR) test kits. Blood grouping anti sera and others which are kept in the refrigerators to prevent their deterioration which may happen if they at room temperature.

7. HOT AIR OVEN Hot air ovens are laboratory testing equipment that are used to  sterilise materials such as glassware, chemicals, and sealed containers. They are also used for drying, baking, curing, and heat-treating various substances .

8. WATER BATH A water bath is a laboratory equipment that is used to incubate samples at a constant temperature over a long period of time. Water bath is a preferred heat source for heating flammable chemicals instead of an open flame to prevent ignition

9. INCUBATORS An incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature & humidity . An incubator is required where as dry heat block or a water bath may be used.

10. colorimeter/ photometer A Colorimeter is a light and sensitive device used to measure the transmittance and absorbance of light that passes through a liquid sample.

11. DESICCATORS The primary purpose of a desiccator is to protect hygroscopic materials, chemicals, and samples from moisture, ensuring they remain stable and maintain their intended properties

12. pH meter pH meter is an instrument used to measure the pH or hydrogen ion concentration of the solution by the potential difference between two electrodes.

13. USED FOR WATER PURIFICATION Equipment used for water purification and distillation includes deionized (DI) water systems, water distillers, reagent-grade water systems, and laboratory filters.

14. HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS  Hematology analyzers are used to accurately quantify blood cells. It is a highly sophisticated automatic computerized device that enables a technician to precisely count blood cells using the technique of flow cytometry, light scatter phenomenon, use of fluorescent dyes, as well as radiofrequency. The analyzer is very useful to diagnose and monitor blood cancers and bleeding disorders

15. BLOOD GAS ANALYZERS Blood gas analyzers use a person’s blood to measure the pH and partial pressure of oxygen, as well as carbon dioxide. It can also evaluate bicarbonate concentration in the blood. This test can be performed very quickly, and results are generally available within minutes after the test.

16. HAEMOGLOBINOMETER As the name suggests, a haemoglobinometer is used for estimating hemoglobin in the blood.  It uses spectrophotometry for calculating hemoglobin concentration. It is a portable device, therefore can be easily carried. The result is expressed in gram hemoglobin per 100 ml of the blood sample.

17. AUTOCLAVE An autoclave is used to sterilize samples and lab instruments, such as plastic tubes, pipette tips, glassware and surgical instruments in a research laboratory. It uses temperature, pressure and steam for the decontamination of materials. The working principle of an autoclave is based on the downward displacement of air through gravity. Usually, an autoclave functions on standard settings- Pressure: 15 psi, Steam Temperature: 121°C for 15 minutes.

18. BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSERS Biochemical analyzers can be used in hospital laboratories to perform various tests like albumin tests, sugar level tests, or to detect levels of enzymes and creatinine in the blood . It is a fully automated analyzers.