Labour movement

labour movement during the 19th century

1. Labour Movement

2. A country of two nations
•“Two nations between whom there is no
intercourse and no sympathy; who are ignorant
of each other's habits, thoughts and feelings, as
if they were dwellers in different zones or
inhabitants of different planets; who are formed
by different breeding, are fed by different food,
are ordered by different manners, and are not
governed by the same laws ... THE RICH AND
THE POOR”.
•Extract from Benjamin Disraeli's novel Sybil,
published in 1845.

3. The new society
•Bourgeoisie (middle
class)
•Control wealth (factories,
land, money…) and put
the wages at their own
interest
•Live in the best areas of
the cities
•Control the government
and the laws
•Proletariat (working
class)
•They only have their work
to survive
•Live in hard conditions
with poverty and illness
•They don’t participate in
the government of the
country

4. •The term labour movement is a broad
term for the development of a collective
organization of working people, to
campaign in their own interest for better
treatment from their employers and
political governments, in particular through
the implementation of specific laws
governing labour relations.
•Taken from Wikipedia

5. The first forms of protest
•The Luddites were a social movement of
British textile artisans in the early
nineteenth century who protested—often
by destroying mechanized looms—against
the changes produced by the Industrial
Revolution, which they felt were leaving
them without work.

6. •Chartism was a movement
for political and social reform in
the United Kingdom between
1838 and 1850. It takes its
name from the People's
Charter of 1838, which
stipulated the main aims of the
movement as:
•Suffrage for all men age 21
and over
•Voting by secret ballot
•Pay for Members of Parliament
•Annual election of Parliament
•The apparent failure of
Chartism as a political
movement in the mid-
nineteenth century proved to
be temporary. Five of the six
points in the Charter were
adopted by 1918.

7. Trade Unions
•A trade union is an organization of workers who have
banded together to achieve common goals in working
conditions. This may include the negotiation of wages,
work rules…
•Early trade unions, often provided a range of benefits to
insure members against unemployment, ill, health, old
age and funeral expenses. Later in many developed
countries, these functions have been assumed by the
state.
•Trade unions may enforce strikes to achieve particular
goals.
•Trade unions may promote legislation favorable to the
interests of their members or workers as a whole.

9. The first International
•The International Workingmen's Association
(IWA), sometimes called the First International,
was an international socialist organization which
aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing
political groups and trade union organizations
that were based on the working class and class
struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's
meeting held in Saint Martin's Hall, London. Its
first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva. A
significant decision at this event was the
adoption of the 8-hour work day as one of the
Association's fundamental demands.

10. •After the Paris Commune
(1871), Bakunin characterised
Marx's ideas as authoritarian,
and predicted that if a Marxist
party came to power its
leaders would end up as bad
as the ruling class they had
fought against. In 1872, the
conflict in the First
International climaxed with a
final split between the two
groups at the Hague
Congress. This clash is often
cited as the origin of the long-
running conflict between
anarchists and Marxists. The
Second International was
established in 1889 as its
successor. Meanwhile, the
anarchists continued to
consider that they were
unfairly ejected from the IWA.
Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin

11. •The international anthem,
English version by Billy Bragg
•Stand up, all victims of oppression
For the tyrants fear your might
Dont cling so hard to your
possessions
For you have nothing, if you have
no rights
Let racist ignorance be ended
For respect makes the empires fall
Freedom is merely privilege
extended
Unless enjoyed by one and all
Chorus:
So come brothers and sisters
For the struggle carries on
The internationale
Unites the world in song
So comrades come rally
For this is the time and place
The international ideal
Unites the human race
•Let no one build walls to divide us
Walls of hatred nor walls of stone
Come greet the dawn and stand
beside us
Well live together or well die alone
In our world poisoned by
exploitation
Those who have taken, now they
must give
And end the vanity of nations
Weve but one earth on which to
live
And so begins the final drama
In the streets and in the fields
We stand unbowed before their
armour
We defy their guns and shields
When we fight, provoked by their
aggression
Let us be inspired by like and love
For though they offer us
concessions
Change will not come from above