LABRINTITIS. disorder of inner ear affect hearing

labyrinth disease

1. Labyrinthitis

2. Labyrinth (Inner Ear) :- It is the inner most part of the ear. Lying within the petrous part of the temporal bone. Parts :- 1. Bony labyrinth 2. Membranous labyrinth

3. Labyrinthitis :- INTRODUCTION : Labyrinthitis is also known as vestibular neuritis is the inflammation of the inner ear which leads to diminished hearing or in chronic case it leads to deafness ( complete loss of hearing) Some cases of vestibular neuritis are caused by an infection “ herpes simplex “

4. DEFINITION Labyrinthitis can be defined as inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear, which can be accompained by vertigo, and also caused by autoimmune disease. It is an inflammation of the inner ear that is often a complication of infection of the middle ear ( otitis media ). Usually caused by spread of bacterial or viral infection from respiratory tract or ear.

5. Causes :- Infections Secondary to acute otitis media, dangerous chronic otitis media. TB Syphilitic otitis media Secondary to meningitis Viral ( due to mumps, measles, herpes zoster ) Vascular causes ( thrombosis, embolism ) Acoustic neuroma of internal auditory meatus Ototoxic drugs (like streptomysin ) Meniere’s syndrome/disease (vertigo, deafness, tinnitus

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Due to etiological factors Bacterial colonization and invasion in the desired place of the inner ear Bacterial multiplication and induction of inflammation Intravascular damage and penitration of the blood vessels and vestibulocochlear nerve LABYRINTHITIS

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Fever, can be caused by bacterial infection. Headache. Sensory neural deafness. Tinnitus. Giddiness ( altered sence of balance ) Nystagmus ( rapid involuntary movement of eyes.) Loss of balance. Spinning sensation, vertigo. Difficulty in focusing your eyes Otorrhoea ( discharge from ear )

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1.HISTORY TAKING; . Previous medical history of infection of ear, .Onset of the symptoms, . Collect history about the patient life style hygiene and environment. 2.PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ; . Assess for any swelling in ear area. .Assess for otorrhea . .Assess for involuntary movement of eyes or facial muscles. Assess for patient sence of balance or assess gait Assess for any trauma in the ear.

9. 3.OTOSCOPIC EXAMINATION ; . For the assessment of any infection trauma in middle ear .To find the exact cause for ear discharge. 4.ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY; It is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition nystagmus . It is also used to diagnose cause of vertigo,dizziness , balance dysfunction by the help of electrodes which is placed above and below eye to record activity. [ vestibulo-ocular-reflex].The inneeeerg

10. ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY (ENG)

11. 5. AUDIOGRAM; A test which is generally done to assess the patient hearing. 6. CT SCAN AND MRI; Generally provides more detailed information about the bones,blood vessels,soft tissue, etc

12. MANAGEMENT 1.MEDICAL MANAGEMENT; .Antihistamine medicine; Diphenhydramine , claritin . .Antibiotics; Amoxicillin, Augmentin .Anti inflammatory drugs; Aspirin,ibuprofen etc. .Tranquilizers; Diazepam, lorazepam .

13. 2. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT; 1.LABYRINTHECTOMY; . It is a destructive procedure used for inner ear chronic disorder. The affected organs are removed so that the brain no longer receives signals from the parts of inner ear that sense gravity and motion changes.The hearing organ ( cochlea) is also sacrificed with this procedure. 2.VESTIBULAR NERVE SECTION ; It is also a destructive procedure in this a branch of affected vestibulocochlear nerve is cut in one ear to stop flow of balance information from ear to brain

14. COMPLICATION 1.Complete hearing loss ( deafness) 2.Facial paralysis. 3.Menengitis. 4.Brain abscess. 5.Blurred vision 6.Impaired gait

15. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) VRT attempts to retrain brain and nervous system to compensate for abnormal signals that comes from vestibular system. VRT is carried out under the supervision of a physiotherapist and involves range of exercise Coordinate hand and eye movement Improve balance and walking ability Improve strength and fitness.