Lady Bird Beetle

It include the mass production of Lady Bird Beetle With applied science.

1. WEL-COME

2. K. K. WAGH COLLAGE OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Course No.- (AEL-ENTO-486) Mass Production Of Bio-agents and Bio-pesticide

3. PRESENTATION ON, REARING OF Lady Bird Beetle (Coccinella magnifica) Presented by, RAM VIJAY TANGADE AKN-2014/112 Module Incharge, Prof. T.B. UGALE Dept. of Agril. Entomology

4. CONTENT 1 Introduction. 2 Taxonomic Position. 3 Morphological Description. 4 Biology. 5 Life Cycle. 6 Where to find. 7 How to attract and conserve. 8 Types of Ladybird beetle. 9 Alternative food. 10 Use of Ladybird beetle in Biological control. 11 Commercial availability. 12 Natural Enemies. 13 Reference.

5. Introduction Ladybird is a name that has been used in England for more than 600 years for the European beetle Coccinella septempunctata . As knowledge about insects increased, the name became extended to all its relatives, members of the beetle family Coccinellidae . In the USA, the name ladybird was popularly Americanized to ladybugs, although these insects are beetles, not bugs Now, the word ladybird applies to a whole family of beetles, Coccinellidae or ladybirds, not just Coccinella septempunctata Coccinellidae are the family of beetles belonging to the superfamily Cucujoidea , which in turn belongs to the series Cucujiformia within the suborders Polyphaga of the beetles

6. Taxonomic Position Scientific Name- Coccinella magnifica Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Arthropods Class- Insecta Order- Coleoptera Sub Order- Polyphaga superfamily- Cucujoidea Family- Coccinellidae

7. Morphological Description Ladybird beetles abdomen consists 1 st to 8 th or 1 st to 9 th segments where is 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd segments are invisible. Only 4 th to 8 th in the male or 4 th to 9 th in the female ventral segments is clearly visible in the ladybird beetles abdomen. Biranvand et al said that, morphos of the ladybird beetles have different appearance, such as number, size, color and pattern of spots on the elytra and pronotum; which can be effected for their abdomens or abdominal segments. According to Gordon , Weise was apparently the first Coccinellid taxonomist to realize that male genitalia could be useful to distinguish species. The second half of the 20 th Century was a ‘Golden Age of Coccinellidae Taxonomy’. Their body is divided with three parts which call head, thorax and abdomen. The insect abdomen is the 3rd main segment of the body.

8. Biology The ladybird beetle belongs to the family coccinellidae of order coleoptera. The members of the family are exclusively predator on aphids, mealybugs, scale-insects, whiteflies, thrips, leafhoppers, mites and other small soft bodied insect pests . Average length and breadth of larvae was 1.41 ± 0.16 and 0.42 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. Average width of head capsule was 0.25 ± 0.02 mm. Mean length and breadth of pupae was 3.88 ± 0.19 mm and 2.30 ± 0.45 mm, respectively Number of eggs laid by an individual female of ladybird beetle ranged from 195 to maximum 839 eggs with a mean of 382 ± 163.17 eggs A female's fecundity under 25 °C temperature is about 400 eggs; the range is 200-700 eggs, on average 9 eggs/day; and the range is 7-11/day.

9. Life Cycle 1. Eggs 2. Larvae 3. Pupa 4. Adult

10. 1.Eggs 2 .Usually located near calonies of insect they eat. 3. May be mistaken for egg of some pest beetle such as colordo potato beetle, Maxican bean beetle and squash beetle. 1.Tiny, bright yellow-orange, spindle-shaped eggs laid upright in cluster of 5-30 .

11. 2. Larvae 1. Look completely different from adults, being fattened and tapered. 2. Alligator like body structure. 3. Up to 1/4 inch long. 4 .Usually dark colored (Black) with orange or yellow markings. 5. Many species have short bristle on some parts of the body. 6 .Three prominent pairs of legs. 7. Larvae are very active, creeping about quickly as they hunt for prey .

12. 3. Pupa 1. The pupae is the size of an adult ladybird however, it is all wrapped up at this stage of the metamorphosis. 2.The wrapping protects the pupae while it undergoes the final stages of metamorphosis into the adult stage. 3.This last stage only takes a few days.

13. 4. Adult 1. Vary in size but average 1/4 to 3/8 long. 2. Typically round or avail and convex in shape. 3. Bright and varied colors ranging from black to pink yellow or red with or without spots on wings

14. Life Cycle

15. Where to find 1. On many plants throughout the garden and landscape. 2. Feeding on soft bodies insect or flowering plants. 3. Look especially on leaf undersides. 4. Garden crops on which lady beetle are commonly found includes potatoes, sweet corn, peas, Cole crops, tomatoes and asparagus.

16. How to attract and conserve 1. Grow flowering plants that produce the Hector and pollen eaten by adult lady beetle 2. This is especially important in late spring before the insects they feed on become abundant. 3. Avoid or reduce the use of broad-spectrum insecticide. 4. Horticultural oils and insecticidal soaps are less harmful to lady bird beetle than some residual conventional pesticides

17. Types of Lady bird beetle 1. Two spotted Ladybird beetle - Adalia bipunctata 2. Twice stabbed Ladybird beetle - Chilocurus stigma 3. seven spotted Ladybird beetle - Coccinella septempunctata 4. Pink spot Ladybird beetle - Coleomegilla muculata 5. Mealy bug destroyer Ladybird beetle - Cryptolaemus montrouzieri 6. Multicolored Asian Ladybird beetle - Harmonia axyridis 7. Convergent Ladybird beetle - Hippodamia convergens 8. Spider mid destroyer Ladybird beetle - Stethorus spp

18. 1) Two Spotted Lady bird beetle Native to North America and Europe, these adult beetles have red wings with two black or brown spots, and their dome-shaped bodies are 4-5 millimetres (mm) long. They overwinter as adults and come out in early to mindspring, and they can live for one or two years. Adults and larvae both feed on many soft-bodied pests in the garden, like aphids . The beetle is commercially available from insectaries. Adalia bipunctata

19. 2) Twice stabbed Lady Bird beetle These cute little ladybugs are black with two red spots on their backs – just the opposite of the two-spotted ladybird beetle. They’re small – just 3¾-5 mm – but they’re very aggressive feeders. Their diet is primarily scales , which can be nasty insect pests to control. You can often find these ladybugs hunting for their next meal in trees. Chilocorus stigma

20. 3) Seven Spotted Lady bird beetle Unlike many other ladybird beetles, this 7-mm-long insect has an odd number of spots on its back, with one spot normally split right in half between its two wings. This European native has been repeatedly released in North America as a biological control agent to feed on pest aphids, and it’s now established in North America. Coccinella septempunctat

21. 4) Pink Spot Lady bird beetle Another North American native, these beetles can be found throughout the eastern US and Canada and as far west as the Midwest. They can be pink to red and are 5-6 mm long. The adult “pinks” are oval-shaped. As much as 50 percent of their diet can be pollen, so if you want to attract these helpful insects to your garden, be sure to have lots of flowering plants! Coleomegilla muculata

22. 5) Mealybug destroyer Lady bird beetle This beetle is a specialized feeder – it loves to munch on mealybugs and other soft scales, and it was brought to the US from Australia in 1891 to control citrus mealybug. This aggressive feeder is 3-4 mm long and has a dark brown body and orange head. The larvae are white and fluffy. These ladybugs are often purchased from commercial insectaries and released in lieu of using pesticides. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

23. 6) Multicolored Asian Lady bird beetle A native to Asia, this beetle was originally released in the US to help control pests, and it’s established itself extensively. Since it feeds on many species of soft-bodied insects, including aphids, scales and psyllids, this beneficial insect is considered to be a very good friend to gardeners. The adults are 6 mm long, slightly oval and come in many shades of red and orange. The number of spots can very greatly – and sometimes they don’t even have spots. They can be identified by the “m” or “w” on the backs of their heads. Harmonia axyridis

24. 7) Convergent Lady bird beetle This is one of the most commonly known native ladybird beetles in the US. The adults are elongated and measure 4-7 mm long. They can be identified by the prominent black-and-white patterns on their heads, and the spots on their red wings can number from just a few up to as many as 13. These ladybugs feed on many insect pests. They’re often offered for sale , but they’re collected from the wild, which isn’t a very sustainable practice. Happodamia convergens

25. 8) Spider mid destroyer This is one small beetle! It only measures 1½ mm long, but that doesn’t mean it can’t eat a lot! This ladybug loves to feed on spider mites , and the adults can consume 75 to 100 mites per day. A US native, they can often be found feeding among high numbers of spider mites in landscapes and orchards. The adults are solid black and are covered with tiny hairs. Stethorus spp

26. Alternative food 1. Ladybird beetle and adults many supplement their normal prey in times of scarcity with other types of food. 2. They consume flower nectar, and honeydew- the sugary excretion of piercing-sucking insect such as aphids and whiteflies. 3. Many plant species also contain organelles in locations on the plant other than flower- tremed extra floral nectaries that produce a nutrient laden secretion. 4. While it was first thought that extra floral nactaries were used by the plant for excretion, it is well substantiated that most plant actually use the extra floral nectarines to attract predators and parasites for protection from their herbivores.

27. Rearing methodology of ladybird beetle 1 Introduction : Different types of pests are fond in nature affecting life and yield of nature and cultivated crops of Agro-forestry. They hamper and destroy standing and stored food reserves in every part of world. In many studies it is known that coccinella septempunctata commonly called lady bird beetle is a capable predator and can be used for the biological control of T tabaci and T vaporariorum in a greenhouse. The insect predater may commit to reproduction to varying degree depending of the nature of the prey the consume. To be successful the CSL searching strategy pre-supposes a high capacity to meet variation, plus a capacity for learning.

28. 2 Materials: 1. Rearing cages 6. Sugar syrup 2. Disposable petri dishes 7. Honey syrup 3. Beakers 8. Cotton bolls 4. Camel hairbrush{0.00} 9. Filter papers 5. Plain water 10. Thermometer

29. 3 Methods : 1.Adults and CSL were collected from the agriculture fields and reared in Entomology laboratory. 2. The field-collected material was sorted out in the laboratory and pairs were selected for oviposition . 3. The selected pair were kept in separate petri dishes to get the laboratory batches of eggs for single cohort offspring to minimize the variation in the experiment. 4. Then beetles were reared on aphids. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory under homogeneous condition. 5. The experiment was laid out according to complete Randomized CRD with there replication and eight treatment, the treatment means were analyzed using analysis of variance.

30. Natural diet: Brevicoryne brassicae . 1 st and 2 nd instars of Macrosiphon roseae . Alete of Macrosiphon rsoeae . Rhopalosiphum maidis . Rhopalosiphum maidis on filter paper surface. Artificial diet: Honey syrup- was given with the help of cotton boll every day to observe longevity and data was recorded daily. Sugar syrup- Daily sugar syrup was given in cotton boll the longevity on sugar syrup and data was recorded. Plain water- The boiling water in cotton boll was also given to observe the longevity and data was recorded daily

31. 4 Concluding perspectives : 1. It is recommended by analyzing the experimental result the ladybird beetle growth rate population size is affected by type of food and temperature. 2. Fecundity and longevity parameter have coincidence with egg lying capacity of Lady bird beetle by the diet available.

32. Use of Ladybird beetle in Biological Control Most species of ladybirds are considered beneficial because they are predators of Homoptera or Acarina, many of which are considered to be pests. One type of biological control is thus called  manipulative biological control  (of which a subset is conservation biological control).   A second type of biological control is augmentative biological control. A third type of biological control is classical or inoculative biological control.

33. Commercial Availability 1. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri - Mealybug destroyer (mealybugs on citrus, ornamentals, and vegetables, and in greenhouses and interiorscapes). 2. Delphastus catalinae -  Whitefly predator (greenhouse, banded-winged, sweetpotato, woolly, azalea, hibiscus, cloudywinged, citrus and rhododendron whiteflies on ornamentals, vegetables, fruit, and citrus, and in greenhouses and interiorscapes). 3 . Rhyzobius lophanthae -  (also called  Lindorus lophanthae ) hard and soft scales and mealybugs on ornamentals.

34. 4. Hippodamia convergens-  Ladybeetle (aphids, scales and thrips, in citrus, ornamentals, fruits and vegetables, and in greenhouses and interiorscapes). This species occurs in Florida but there still is a potential problem - some suppliers do not rear the beetles but collect overwintering adults from the mountains of eastern California - these overwintering adult beetles (a) may be heavily parasitized and many may die, and (b) may be programmed at the end of the winter to end the hibernation by flying west (which may do you no good if they all take to flight and leave your property).

35. Natural Enemies 1. All insects have predators, parasites/parasitoids, and/or pathogens. Ladybirds are not exempt. Larvae of  Epilachna borealis  and  E. varieties  are attacked by a native tachinid fly. 1.Tachinid fly:-

36. 2. This wasp is a parasitoid of other epilachnine ladybirds in India, and was introduced into the USA specifically to control  Epilachna varieties . Another native tachinid fly,  Hyalmyodes triangulifer  (Loew), is less specialized, attacking larvae not only of  Epilachna varieties . 3. It attacks adult ladybirds and to a lesser extent larvae and pupae. It attacks  Coccinella septempunctata ,  Coleomegilla maculata , and several other species. 4. Many other parasitoids and pathogens of ladybirds are not mentioned here for lack of space. 2.Wasp:-

37. 3.Ants:- 1. Ants are one of the infection to mealy bugs. 2. They infected the colony of mealy bugs rearing. 3. Five species of ants were recorded tending mealy bugs, but none is known to be disruptive to mealy bug natural enemies.

38. Reference The introduction of insects into Florida.  Florida Entomologist :- Frank JH, McCoy ED. 1993 . 2.   Ladybird beetles - recent immigrants to Florida .  UF/IFAS Featured Creatures:- Thomas MC, Blanchard OJ, Jr. 2014 3. Featured Creature Entomology & Nematology   FDACS/DPI EDIS 4. ICAR Natural Centre for Integrated Pest Management , New Delhi

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